How to Prepare Ammonia Gas

These are instructions for preparing ammonia gas (NH3) from ammonium chloride and calcium hydroxide in water. Ammonia Reactants ammonium chloride (NH4Cl)calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] Gas Preparation Gently heat a mixture of ammonium chloride and calcium hydroxide in water. Collect the ammonia from the upward displacement of air in a hood. Chemical Reaction Ca(OH)2 2NH4Cl → 2NH3 CaCl2 2H2O

Symbolism in A Dolls House. by Henrik Ibsen Essays

Henrik Ibsen’s â€Å"A Doll’s House† a nineteenth century play successfully uses symbolism to express many characteristics of Helmer’s life, together with the way that the main character Nora feels towards her marriage at the end of the play. Ibsen’s use of symbolism to convey about the social setting, including the harsh male-controlled Danish society, seen mostly in Torvald in the play and the role of women, signified mostly in Nora. These symbols act as foretelling before the tragic events at the end of the play, as they show the problems which lead to the demise of the Helmer’s ‘perfect’ family life. The name of the play itself ‘A Doll’s House’ is symbolic in itself. In the Helmer’s household, as it reflects Nora’s position†¦show more content†¦The tree also symbolizes the mood of the play, in the sense that it represents celebration and happiness, but at some point it must all come to an end, and normal life must resume, and in Nora and Torvald’s case, this means accepting that their marriage is not a part of reality. New Year as a period is symbolic as it represents a new start for the Helmers but this new start is different from what they expected to happen. At the beginning of the play Nora and Torvald are excited about the prospect of the new money that they will receive when Torvald is appointed to his new position within the bank; â€Å"You’ve got a big salary now, and we’re going to make lots and lots of money! Nora is also anticipating being rid of Krogstad, so that she can keep Torvald happy— once the New Year’s in, I’ll be rid of you.’ However, she realizes that the secret she has been keeping being irrelevant but that her whole marriage is not genuine, the new start she imagined being replaced with a new start without the family, and the New Year becomes a symbol of the new life she will be leading, without her children and Torvald. This is another key aspect of domestic tragedy, in where we see theShow MoreRelated Symbolism in A Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen Essay example2771 Words   |  12 PagesSymbolism in A Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen      Ã‚   A Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen is perhaps one of the most hotly debated plays to come out of the 19th century.   The 19th century continued the process of the demystification that began with the Enlightenment.   Because of the discoveries of the Enlightenment, humans could no longer be sure about their place in the universe.   This, of course, had an impact on the theater.   The movement toward realism, which, like the 19th century in generalRead MoreHenrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House Essay example1182 Words   |  5 Pagesoppositions in a work of literature, is present in Henrik Ibsen’s 1879 Norwegian play A Doll’s House. The title itself suggests a misogynist view, while the work mainly consists of feminist ideology, as Ibsen was a supporter of the female as an independent, rather than a dependent on a male. Nora knew herself that her husband did not fully respect her, and this became a major conflict in the play as Nora progressively became more self-reliant in the play. Ibsen created Nora to give an example for all womenRead MoreRights of Women in the Nineteenth Century and in Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House1103 Words   |  5 PagesHenrik Ibsen, who was born in Norway but made his name internationally, was a painter as well as the one of most famous playwrights during the period of Realism. Ibsen’s plays are well-known by the themes of domestic and political issues and conflict in nineteenth century. Scholars call it â€Å"Ibsen’s problems play† (Henrik Ibsen, 650). In addition, in Ibsen’s plays, the general topics that are usually discussed are hypocrisy of the society, restriction of women, and the self-sacrifice. Under theRead MoreAnalysis Of Henrik Ibsen s A Doll s House 1381 Words   |  6 PagesMay 2017 The Role of Symbolism in Nora’s Transformation from Repression to Liberation in A Doll’s House The play in prose A Doll’s House is written by Henrik Ibsen, and set in Norway in 1879. By inserting symbols into the storyline, Henrik Ibsen reveals the theme of female submissiveness and male superiority during the 19th century and highlights character revelation in the play, namely through Nora’s transformation from being repressed to being liberated. Ibsen includes a variety ofRead MoreHenrik Ibsens A Dolls House1489 Words   |  6 Pagesmany other types of literature, drama relies on several separate components all working together to tell a story. These components serve to draw an audience in, create a believable situation, and illicit a particular response. The play â€Å"A Doll’s House† by Henrik Ibsen provides an excellent example for analysis, with each component strongly supported. Often the first, and most obvious, component that can be observed when reading drama is the point of view that it is written from. Point of viewRead More Symbolism in A Doll’s House Essay949 Words   |  4 PagesHenrik Ibsen’s â€Å"A Doll’s House† is a controversial play focusing on the marriage of Nora and Torvald Helmer. The play is filled with symbols that represent abstract ideas and concepts. These symbols effectively illustrate the inner conflicts that are going on between the characters. Henrik Ibsen’s use of symbolism such as the Christmas tree, the locked mailbox, the Tarantella, Dr. Rank’s calling cards, and the letters allows him to give a powerful portrayal to symbolize aspects of characters andRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen869 Words   |  4 PagesA Doll’s House was written in 1879 by Henrik Ibsen. The play takes place in a suburban Europe surrounding a middle-class family. Nora, the female protagonist is quite different from the social norms portrayed during this time period. The play focuses on the controversial topic of the change in social norms. Throughout the play, Ibsen utilizes theme, characterization, and symbolism to explain the injustices of inequality faced by women in Europe as well as countries. A Doll’s House took place inRead MoreA Doll’S House. By Henrik Ibsen. Henrik Ibsen (1828-1906),974 Words   |  4 PagesA Doll’s House By Henrik Ibsen Henrik Ibsen (1828-1906), Norway’s major playwright and poet during the 19th century, was a pioneer of Western modernism (Wikipedia). His plays founded the realist school of Western theatre and some literary critics even consider him as â€Å"the father of realism† or refer to the rise of â€Å"Ibsenism† (iii) when discussing his work. A Doll’s House (1879) is one of the most influential plays in European literature because it created a new, realist style of staging plays, movingRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen909 Words   |  4 PagesIt is inevitable to find two completely different perspectives in life, especially in art. In regards to the play A Doll’s House by Henrik Ibsen, this is not the exception. The previously mentioned play has caused controversy among conservative and liberal critiques as a consequence of the actions of the protagonist. Nonetheless, I strongly believe the play A Doll’s House is suitable for presentation to students and families at a county high school due to the learning outcomes, such as comprehendingRead MoreAnalysis of A Dolls House Essay1108 Words   |  5 Pagestransformation of historical reality has on an audience. Henrik Ibsens widely regarded work, A Dolls House, was first introduced in 1879 as a theatrical presentation of human rights. Today, Ibsens work remains as such, although often conveyed as more focused on womens rights. The Norwegian playwrights vision of a seemingly common home is quickly translated through Ibsens use of symbolism, setting, and diction. Symbolism is a key aspect in much of Ibsens writing, much of which can

The Roman Empire And Ireland Essay Example For Students

The Roman Empire And Ireland Essay A single legion, with a moderate band of auxiliaries, would be enough to finish the conquest of Ireland-Tacitus quoting Agricola .This evidence illustrates that the Romans did not come to Ireland for the simple reason that they had no desire to do so. However the island was to be hugely influenced by the Roman Empire. Instead of Roman aspects being forcibly introduced to Ireland, the Irish themselves chose to adopt many Roman customs in order to improve themselves. This essay will outline the contacts between Ireland and the Roman Empire (and its legacy) and discuss the effects of these contacts on the island.The first links between Ireland and the Roman Empire would have been through trading. The apparent isolation of Ireland by the sea is, in fact, misleading, as the seas linked rather than divided people. In A History of the Irish Church 400-700 AD it is suggested that the seas were a hive of maritime activity and that it probably wouldnt have taken much longer than three days to travel between Ireland and what is now Spain, and as little as one day to travel between Ireland and Britain.Roman knowledge of Ireland was enough that the Ireland shown in Ptolemys map from the second century, although far from accurate, is still recognisable today. This would certainly suggest close contact between the Roman Empire and Ireland, probably mainly through trade. Important items of trade would have included wine, cattle and hides . That Irish wolfhounds were exported to the Roman Empire is beyond doubt, because of references to them by several Roman writers and a bronze model of one that was found in excavations in Gloucestershire, England .However, as Lloyd Laing tells us: To attribute Romanization to casual trading or raiding is clearly unreasonable . It seems that Irish contact with the Roman Empire intensified just around the time when the Roman Empire was beginning to decline, around the beginning of the fifth century. Both intensive Irish raids on Britain and the rapid spread of Christianity carried ideas, as well as actual material objects from the Roman Empire to Ireland.Ammianus Marcellinus describes a barbarian conspiracy in 367 where Roman Britain was devastated by the Irish (Scotti), Picts and Saxons . By 410 the Romans had withdrawn from Britain, leaving the civilian population open to attack by Irish raiders. It is not surprising, therefore that most archaeological finds of Roman items in Ireland are attributed to this period.As well as valuable metal artefacts, the raiders also brought back slaves to Ireland. We are lucky to have primary evidence of this in the form of the writings of St. Patrick. In his Confessio Patrick tells us how he was carried off into captivity in Ireland, along with a great number of people . It is not known when this happened but the general opinion amongst historians of early Christianity is that it was in the early fifth century, probably after the Romans withdrawal from Britain. Although Britain

Support Services for Radiotherapy Patients

Introduction When patients are diagnosed with cancer, they are more often than not put under radiotherapy as one form of treatment. However, this does not mean that all patients with cancer are put under radiotherapy. There are those that are put under other forms of treatment such as chemotherapy. There are also other patients suffering from other forms of ailments that are put under radiotherapy.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Support Services for Radiotherapy Patients specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Whichever the case, radiotherapy is a source of anxiety, worries and a very stressing experiencing to the patients and their kin. This is why support is a very important component of radiotherapy. Support in radiotherapy can be conceptualized as a form of intervention that helps in easing this anxiety experienced by patients and their family. The support can be provided by the family members themselves , the nursing fraternity or the care providers, and can also be provided by other members of the society such as the religious organizations (Bolderston 2006). Support can also be viewed as a form of interpersonal processes riding on social exchanges between the patient, their family, the care providers and other members of the society. These exchanges on the part of the patient are in form of coming into contact with the support, recognizing and experiencing the support (Anonymous 2010). This preamble points to the fact that there are various forms of support that are there for the radiotherapy patient. This includes social and other forms of support. However, there are concerns to the effect that these services are not accessed by all the deserving patients. This is given the fact that some of the patients are not aware of the existence of these services (Anonymous 2010). For example, it is noted that thousands of cancer patients are not benefiting from radiotherapy treatment desp ite the fact that they qualify for the services. This lack of access is attributed to the lack of awareness on the existence of these services on the part of the patients (Anonymous 2010). It is against this backdrop that efforts have been made by several stakeholders in this field to advertise support services available to the radiotherapy patients. These advertisements are carried out on various platforms. This includes the care providers passing the message to their patients verbally, or advertising on the various magazines and articles aimed at the patients.Advertising Looking for critical writing on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This literature review will compare two articles touching on the existence of support services for radiotherapy patients and how the services are advertised. The aim of the researcher will be to engage in a comparative critique of these two articles. The first article is Inform ation and support: a descriptive study of the needs of patients with cancer before their first experience of radiotherapy. This article is a report on a study carried out by Shanne McNamara. The second article will be What information patients with localized prostate cancer hear and understand, a study by Sandra McGregor. In this literature review, the researcher will specifically describe the content of the articles, compare and contrast the methodologies used and justifications or lack of thereof for the methodologies used in the articles. The researcher will also look at how the information in the articles informs the researcher’s current area of study and why the articles are important for this study. Review of Articles Information and Support: A Descriptive Study of the Needs of Patients with Cancer before Their First Experience of Radiotherapy, McNamara Shanne, 1999 Preamble This study was carried out in the year 1999 and published in the European Journal of Oncology Nu rsing. The major aim of this study was to describe the amount of support and information that is made available to radiotherapy patients before they start receiving and attending to this form of treatment. The study also aimed at highlighting the opinions of the patients regarding the level and type of information and support that, according to them, are required (McNamara 1999). The study used a self completed questionnaire as the tool for data collection. This questionnaire was mailed to 297 potential respondents. This is before the patients attended their first radiotherapy session. The patients were requested to come back with the completed questionnaire when they came for their first radiotherapy session. 199 patients out of the total 297 returned their completed questionnaires (McNamara 1999). According to the findings of this study, it appears that patients with different types of cancer receive different levels of information before they attend their first session in radioth erapy. For example, breast cancer patients appear to benefit from more information than patients with other forms of cancer.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Support Services for Radiotherapy Patients specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Another thing that this study found was that age and gender also influenced the level of information that patients received before they started their radiotherapy sessions. For example, young females suffering from breast cancer were found to be well informed than other categories of patients. These patients also received better support than other categories of patients before they started their radiotherapy sessions (Nette and Svensson 2004). This study concluded that patients are in need of more information and support before they start radiotherapy treatments. The study acknowledges the fact that support and information is vital at every stage of radiotherapy treatment. But the scholar notes that the period before the commencement of radiotherapy is especially vital. The information and support is instrumental in reducing the level of anxiety in the patients. Content of the Study As already stated, the study looked at the opinion of the patients before they started their radiotherapy sessions. The findings of this study are the main contents of this article. McNamara (1999) introduces the article by noting that literature in this field points to the fact that cancer patients are more often than not dissatisfied with the amount of information that they are provided with regarding their condition. This is especially information touching on the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of their conditions. This is despite the fact that they are the ones who are directly and mostly affected by the handling of their condition (Lyrataopoulos, Barbiere, Greenberg, Wright and Neal 2010). McNamara (1999), in the introduction of this article, notes that this defic it in information is confounding to the scholars and other stakeholders in this sector. This is given the fact that virtually every stakeholder, including the care providers themselves, are aware of the fact that a well informed patient is more likely to be satisfied and more likely to benefit from the services that they receive during the radiotherapy session.Advertising Looking for critical writing on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Considering that the care providers are aware of this fact, it is hard to comprehend why they fail to provide their charges with such information well before they start their treatment (Lyrataopoulos et al 2010). One of the major aims of this study was to find out the amount of information that is given to the patients regarding the form of treatment that they are going to receive. This is especially the information that they were given by the care provider when they were being informed that they needed to undergo radiotherapy. The researcher also aimed at finding out the amount and type of support that the patients received from the care providers and other professionals in the field before they were enrolled on radiotherapy. This is especially so given that there are several forms of support that can be ideally provided by the health care professionals well before the commencement of the radiotherapy. This includes psychological support, for example assuring the patients that they are better off receiving radiotherapy than other forms of treatment. The care providers can also provide the patients with information regarding the benefits and risks of this form of treatment. This will reduce the anxiety that comes with uncertainty on the part of the patients (Moss 2006). This article also contains information touching on the level of information and support that the patients thought they required before they started their radiotherapy sessions. The article further contains information touching on the kind of participants for the study. The study used several criteria in selecting the respondents to collect information from. The major inclusion criterion that was used was the sampling of any cancer patient that was attending the oncology centre selected with the aim of being enrolled for radiotherapy for the first time. The researcher ensured that they did not include patients who have received radiotherapy treatment in the past. This is given the fact that such patients would have given responses that were influenced to a larger extent by their experiences in the past, creating bias and reducing the accuracy of the findings of this study (Bottomley and Jones 1997). In this article, the findings of the study are also contained. The study found that the average number of weeks that have elapsed since the respondents had been informed of their condition to the time of the study was about 27 weeks (McNamara 1999). The period ranged between one month and twelve years. The study found that the duration of time since diagnosis had no impact on the amount and quality of information and support that was made available to the patients. The study also looked at the effects that previous interventions and treatments such as chemotherapy had on the amount and quality of information that patients were exposed to. It was found that these previous interventions had no significant effect on the quality and quantity of information and support given to thes e patients before they started their radiotherapy treatment (Fleming 1992: Webb 1994: Wilkinson 1991). It was found that 86 percent of breast cancer patients had been given information regarding radiotherapy. This is as compared to 72 percent of lung cancer. Also, a significantly higher number of patients with lung cancer felt that they needed more information (51%) as compared to only 39 percent of breast cancer patients (McNamara 1999). It was also found that breast cancer patients appear to benefit more from support provided by care providers than other category of patients. This was indicated by the number of patients that reported to have been seen by a care provider such as a nurse before they started on their radiotherapy treatment. 76 percent of breast cancer patients reported to have been seen by a nurse. This is as compared to only 59 percent of lung cancer patients (McNamara 1999). As far as gender is concerned, this study found that female patients tended to receive more support and information from the health care providers than their male counterparts. 81 percent of the female patients reported that they were seen often by a nurse. This is as compared to 53 percent of the male patients (McNamara 1999). This gender disparity can be attributed to the fact that majority of the female respondents were suffering from breast cancer (63 percent of the female respondents). This is significant given the fact that the breast cancer patients were more likely to be seen by a nurse before the commencement of their radiotherapy sessions (McNamara 1999). In summary, more than fifty percent of cancer patients, according to this study, need more information regarding their condition; information touching on their conditions diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. This summation is in line with the findings of similar studies carried out in the field. For example, Anonymous (2010) found that more than 60 percent of patients with cancer lack information on their condit ion and the type and benefits of various forms of treatment that they can access. Methodology of the Study This study assumed a non-experimental descriptive design. This is given that the researcher needed a design that will enable them to describe the experiences of the patients as far as the amount of information and support they received before they started their radiotherapy treatment was concerned. Given the aims and objectives of the study and the nature of data that was needed for it to be completed, the researcher used a self completed questionnaire as the tool for data collection. They justified this selection by claiming that the self completed questionnaires would allow for the systematic assessment of the opinions and views of the respondents. To come up with the contents of the questionnaire, the researcher carried out informal observations and conversations with patients and care providers in the cancer wards of the hospital within which the study was to be conducted. The findings of these informal conversations and observations formed the basis of the questions that were included in the questionnaire. The researcher had to design their own questionnaire for this study given the fact that they were unable to find a suitable questionnaire design from the literature review that they carried out prior to the designing of the questionnaire. A pilot study was carried out to fine tune the questions and design of the questionnaire. The findings of the pilot study led to minor adjustments to the initial questionnaire. A number of patients were sampled from the records obtained from the hospital’s oncology department. The researcher selected those patients that had been diagnosed with cancer and they were set to begin their first radiotherapy treatment sessions. A large number of patients were selected for this study given the fact that the researcher was to rely on the respondents’ self completion of the questionnaire and returning it to th e researcher. The researcher was aware that not all the respondents who received the questionnaire will complete it. This is especially so given the fact that they were not been compensated for their troubles in completing the questionnaire. The data from the completed questionnaires was sorted out using the Microsoft Excel 5 for Windows Analysis Toolpack. This program was important in this study given that it was able to calculate values and create charts from the raw data. As such, the researcher was able to make sense from raw data that meant little in its raw form (McNamara 1999). The methodology design for this study is justifiable under the circumstances of the study. Given that the investigator was interested in opinions of patients who are yet to experience radiotherapy treatment, it was justifiable to exclude those patients who have undergone radiotherapy in the past. This is because their responses will be affected by their past experiences. A non-experimental descriptive design is justifiable given that the researcher needed the opinions of the respondents. Significance of this Article to the Current Study The major aim of the current study is to explore the existence of support services for radiotherapy patients. This is together to finding out how these services are advertised to the target audience. Given this, the findings of the study reported in this article are significant to the current study. The reported study highlights the kind of information that cancer patients who are yet to undergo radiotherapy need. This is compared to the actual quantity and quality of information that the patients receive. It is important to note that, as much as information required by the patients and the services that they receive are two different entities, they are also related to some extent. This is given the fact that the information provided to the patients can be viewed as part of the support services package needed by the patients, at least within the c ontext of the current study. The findings of the current will, among other things, inform stakeholders in the health care profession when it comes to formulating the contents of advertisements aimed at publicizing the availability of support services for radiotherapy patients. As such, the findings of McNamara’s study (1999) as reported in this study will go a long way in providing the current investigator with information touching on the informational needs of cancer patients. However, the significance of McNamara’s study to this current area of research is limited by the limited nature of McNamara’s study. For example, McNamara limits their study to cancer patients who are yet to receive radiotherapy treatment. As such, the opinions of patients who are already undergoing radiotherapy are left out. This makes hard to gauge the needs of these patients from the findings reported in this article. This is despite the fact that it is equally important to cater for t he informational and other forms of needs for patients who are already undergoing radiotherapy treatment. The McNamara study as reported in this article is also limited to cancer patients alone. This is despite the fact that there are other categories of patients that benefit from radiotherapy. The needs of these patients are not captured in this study. It is important to note that these other categories of patients have needs that should be catered for when it comes to advertising for radiotherapy support services. What Information Patients with Localised Prostate Cancer Hear and Understand, McGregor Sandra, 2003 Preamble This study was carried out in the year 2002, but the findings were published in the year 2003. The findings were published in the Patient Education and Counselling journal in the year 2003. The article that is been reviewed in this paper reports the findings of this study. In the introduction part of the article, McGregor (2003) notes that there are different trea tment options that are available to the patients suffering from prostate cancer. This includes radiotherapy, chemotherapy and surgery. However, McGregor notes that several factors inform the ability of the patient to make decisions regarding these options and to pick and adopt one of them. One of such factor is the provision of information to the patient by the doctor (McGregor 2003). The information provided by the doctor will help the patient in making the decision regarding their mode of treatment. The patient will be able to make a decision that appropriate to their needs and lifestyle. However, McGregor (2003) notes that the quality of information that is provided by the doctor is equally significant to the decisions that are made by the patients. The information provided by the doctor, for it to be effective, must be information that the patients can understand and remember. The study used a sample of patients with localised prostate cancer. This means that those patients suff ering from prostate cancer that has spread to other organs and part of their body were not included in the study. McGregor (2003) used a small sample of respondents (N=10). These were those men that had already been diagnosed with prostate cancer, but had not been treated for early stage disease. This study is even narrower than the McNamara study that was reviewed above. While McNamara (1999) used a fairly large sample of 199 respondents, McGregor (2003) used ten. Whereas McNamara studied cancer patients at large, including women, McGregor (2003) limits himself to prostate cancer only, and his sample is entirely composed of men. A semi structured interview was used to collect data for the study. This is as opposed to the self completed questionnaire that was used by McNamara (1999). The major aim of the interview was to gauge the knowledge of the respondents regarding their disease and treatment models available. It was found that most of the patients were not informed about the ra tionale behind the selection of their mode of treatment. They left the decision to their urologists, and more often than not, went with the decisions made by these urologists. They never asked for clarifications, and their doctors did not find the need to provide them with information (Grahn 1996: Gotay 2005: Agar 2006). Majority of the patients (80 percent) reported that they did not believe or feel that the mode of treatment selected by their doctor was not the best for them. They cited several factors, such as the incompatibility of the mode of treatment with their lifestyle (McGregor 2003). Contents of the Article The major aim of this study is one of the contents reported in this article. The aim of this study, as reported in this article, was to find out what the respondents recalled and comprehended as far as their disease is concerned. These were issues such as the management of their condition and the side effects that this condition had on their lives and their health in g eneral. McGregor (2003) collected the information from the semi structured interviews in such a way that a video could be developed, a video documenting the various attributes of the disease and the various management and treatment options that are there for the patients (Bell 67). McGregor (2003) is of the view that the personal and interpersonal characteristics of both the patient and their doctor are instrumental. This is given the fact that this can affect the quality of communication between the two parties (Bell 68). For example, the traits of the patient and the doctor can either improve or inhibit the passage of various messages between the patient and the doctor (Wilkinson 1991: Gotay 2005). Comprehension of the information exchanged between the patient and the doctor is usually pegged on the way the information is passed across. This means that the perceptions and attitudes that the patients hold regarding the attitude and mannerism of their doctor impacts on their underst anding and retention of the information passed across (Greenhalgh 8). The study found that most of the respondents could not recall major events in their disease’s history. For example, only 2 men out of the total ten could recall the exact date that they were diagnosed with the condition (McGregor 2003). It was also found that many of the men could not name the procedures that they underwent with their urologist when they went for regular check up to manage their conditions (Greenhalgh 9). This is an indication of the fact that the doctors did not find it important to inform their patients about the nature of the procedures that they were undergoing. For example, 8 men could describe the procedures that they were been taken through but were not aware of the name of the procedure (McGregor 2003). All of the respondents could remember undergoing regular blood checks when they visited their urologists. Five of those men could quote their exact PSA levels as they were reported b y their doctors. The rest never reported about these readings since their doctors did not give them out. In fact, one of the respondents reported that they were reproached by their doctor for asking about the exact reading of their PSA levels (McGregor 2003). Methodology of the Study As earlier indicated in this paper, this study used a sample of ten men who had been diagnosed with localised prostate cancer. Just like in McNamara’s study, the sample was drawn from patients who have not yet started on their treatment (McNamara 1999). The researcher used purposive sampling, where they asked urologists to refer them to their patients who had been diagnosed with the disease within the last three months (Holiday 27). This methodology was justified given the fact that the researcher was interested in those patients that had not yet started their treatment. The researcher recorded the interviews and transcribed them verbatim. The aim was to capture the exact responses of the subject s. The researcher complemented this by recording on their notebooks their opinions regarding what they observed, for example the mental state of their respondents during the interview. The same number of questions was posed to the respondents. The interview duration was however varied, depending on the time that each respondent took to answer the questions that were posed to them. The length of the interviews usually varied from 0.5 hours to 3.5 hours (McGregor 2003). Significance of the Article to the Current Study The findings of the study reported in this article are significant to the current study that is being conducted by this researcher. For example, the findings of McGregor study touching on the kind of information that the respondents need from their health care providers will go along way in informing the contents of the advertisements for support services aimed at radiotherapy patients (Holiday 56). The findings of McGregor’s study will also provide this researche r with information regarding the needs of prostate cancer patients. These findings will also be very instrumental in the researcher’s formulation of the kind of relationship between the doctor and the patient that will be beneficial to the treatment and management of chronic conditions. However, just like in the case of McNamara study, the significance of this study to the current one is also limited. For example, the study used a small sample size, and as such can not be generalised to the whole community of radiotherapy patients with confidence. The study also limited itself to prostate cancer patients, and as such can not be generalised confidently. Conclusion This literature review critically analysed the findings of two studies reported in two different articles. The researcher looked at the contents of these studies and how their findings are related to the current study. It was found that the findings of these two studies were significant to the current study. However, the significance was limited by the limited nature of the studies. For example, the studies were limited to the case of cancer patients alone. The studies were also limited to the informational and other forms of needs that are experienced by patients that have not yet started their treatment sessions. References Agar, MH. 2006. Speaking of ethnography. Beverly Hills: Sage. Anonymous. 2010. Thousands of cancer patients missing out on radiotherapy. Web. Bell, J. 2005. Doing your research project. 4th ed. Maidenhead: Open University Press. Bolderston, A. 2006. Mixed messages: A comparison between the perceptions of radiation therapy patients and radiation therapists regarding patients’ educational needs. Radiography, 14(2): 111-119. Bottomley, A., and Jones, L. 1997. Breast cancer care: women’s experiences. European Journal of Cancer Care, 6: 124-132. Fleming, VE. 1992. Client education: a futuristic outlook. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 17: 158-163. Gotay, CC. 2005. Wh y me? Attributions and adjustments by cancer patients and their mates at two stages in the disease process. Social Science Medicine, 20: 25-31. Grahn, G. 1996. Coping with the cancer experience. 1. Developing an education and support programme for cancer patients and their significant others. European Journal of Cancer Care, 5:176–81. Greenhalgh, T. 2006. How to read a paper: the basics of evidence – based medicine. 3rd ed. Chichester: Wiley. Holiday, A. 2002. Doing and writing qualitative research. London: SAGE. Lyrataopoulos, G., Barbiere, JM., Greenberg, DC., Wright, KA., and Neal, DE. 2010. Population based time trends and socioeconomic variation in use of radiotherapy and radical surgery for prostate cancer in a UK region: continuous survey. British Medical Journal, 340: 1342-1356. McGregor, S. 2003. What information patients with localised prostate cancer hear and understand. Patient Education and Counselling, 49: 273-278. McNamara, S. 1999. Information and suppo rt: A descriptive study of the needs of patients with cancer before their first experience of radiotherapy. European Journal of Oncology Nursing, 3(1): 31-37. Moss, RW. 2006. Should patients undergoing chemotherapy and radiotherapy be prescribed antioxidants? Cancer Communications, 24(2): 34-38. Nette, P., and Svensson, H. 2004. Radiation dosimetry in health care: expanding the reach of global networks. Web. Webb, PA. 1994. Health promotion and patient education. London: Chapman and Hall. Wilkinson, S. 1991. Factors which influence how nurses communicate with cancer patients. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 16: 677-688. This critical writing on Support Services for Radiotherapy Patients was written and submitted by user Kamren Baxter to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Language Lovers Unite!

Language Lovers Unite! Language Lovers Unite! Language Lovers Unite! By Maeve Maddox Kathryn McCary has asked for a post on when to use a and when to use an. Her request was prompted by the following passage she read in a piece of professionally produced corporate publicity: Since the HLB is a secured lender, all of our credit products require collateral to maintain our positions [sic] as a accessible and cost effective source of credit for members. Says Kathryn, HLB is the Federal Home Loan Bank of New York, part of a system of banks chartered by the Federal Government in 1932you would think they could hire writers who know REALLY BASIC English usage rules! This post is not going to explain the uses of a and an. Youll find no fewer than four posts on the indefinite article in the DWT archives: Give Me an A Using A and An Before Words When to Use an A Historic or An Historic Event? The kindest thing we can say about the lapse in the bank copy is that it may have been a simple typo. It happens to the most conscientious writers. We proof an article twenty times, and as soon as the piece is published, the dratted error leaps out at us. But lets say that it wasnt a typo. Lets say that the writer didnt see anything amiss with writing a accessible. Thats not a reflection on the writers professional education so much as an indictment of U. S. elementary education. Its not just professional writers who should know really basic English usage rules like when to use a and when to use an. Any English speaker educated in an English-speaking country should have a form of basic standard usage down by the age of 13. As much of the content of this blog reflects, many high school and college graduates manage to get by without mastering the basics. So, whats to be done, other than to tear our hair? I think that a possible answer is for language lovers to put their money where their mouths are. Improvement in the teaching of basic English skills is not to be hoped for from the current flurry of education reform. The emphasis is all on math, science, and computer skills. Thanks to the ubiquitous computer keyboard, handwriting has already become a despised skill. Spelling instruction is on the way out because spellcheck programs are seen by many as a substitute for knowledge of the English sound code. Something that might help delay or reverse the decline of basic literacy skills would be a grassroots movement spearheaded by language lovers: people who respond to blogs like this one, and language zealots who go around painting out unnecessary apostrophes and correcting misspelled words on signs. Language lovers could get together on a local level and sponsor contests for handwriting, basic grammar, and spelling. (And by spelling, I dont mean the kind of oral exhibition that rewards overachievers for their ability to memorize words few people use. I mean competitions in which children write down words like February and definite from dictation.) Local groups and individuals could organize contests for children ages 6-13 through youth clubs and county fairs. Aspiring novelists could be recruited to sponsor contests in which children demonstrate an acquaintance with books. After all, theres not much point in writing books if the audience for literature continues to dwindle. Prize money could be minimal, anything from a dollar to $25. Who knows, if such contests got started at a local level, a corporation might come along to offer a national contest with big bucks in prize money. A 13-year-old Brooklyn girl just won $50,000 from a manufacturer of mobile phones for her ability to text quickly and accurately. Perhaps the answer to declining literacy skills lies outside the classroom. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:The Royal Order of Adjectives 20 Words Meaning "Being or Existing in the Past"Nominalized Verbs

Robber Barons Vs. Captains of Industry Essays

Robber Barons Vs. Captains of Industry Essays Robber Barons Vs. Captains of Industry Essay Robber Barons Vs. Captains of Industry Essay Robber Barons Vs. Captains of Industry In comparison between robber barons and captains of industry, most of these people are considered captains of industry. This is because most of the given people all affected the country and the business world positively for reasons that are stated as well as others. Although a couple people are obviously Robber Barons, for example Cornelius Vanderbilt, most of the rest are obviously captains of industry, donating money, making money and becoming a key reason for how the business industry became as fair as it is now. All of these people have in some way either contributed to the increase of productivity, providing more jobs, or expanding the market in a very crucial way. A very important reason why these eight guys would be considered captains of there industries is because the captain of our industries today are also doing things that are going to help this country that kinda relate what they were doing back then. Back then they were doing many thing to help out there country for example Henry Frick began buying coal mines, and he eventually controlled 80 percent of the coal output of Pennsylvania. Also, another example of this would be James hill and how he started his own business called the St. Paul, Minnesota Manitoba Railway Company, and expanded until his production of agricultural and other products carried to the rest of the country. He helped out the country a lot, and really stepped it up a notch and showed the country what technology is about. Not only was he making billions of dollars but he was also giving away about 58% of all of his money to charity every year to people who need the money a lot more that he does. To me I think that the captain of industries today and the ones from back then really relate to each other a lot, in doing good things for the country. Another reason that these men were considered captains of industry instead of robber barons has to do with the amount of money they gave away. John D. Rockefeller alone gave away more then 80 million dollars before he died and Henry Fick gave away 15 million and the rights to his mansion so a museum could be built. Andrew Carnegie believed that men who died rich, died isgraced, which showed that he was a charitable contributor to the things he cared most about. Granted some of them held their money a little tighter then others many of them gave away more then enough to schools and libraries and other establishments that bettered America. The final reason that these people are very important captains of industries are because they did what was needed to be done to get make their company successful, sure they stepped on a few people on the way up but it was only to better their own company. For example, Carnegie was a very poor man who started working as a bobbin boy for less then $1. 20 a day and he ended up being one of the richest men. He knew what it was like to work and earn so little that when he became rich and had money to blow he gave up a large potion of his fortunes to cultural, educational, as well as scientific institutions for the improvement of humanity. In conclusion, these eight men should be classified as captains of industry because of the given information. These men are all important parts of our history and most of these eight men were a very positive influence on industry itself and what we decide to do nowadays. These are very important figures of the industry because they gave us the ideas that we use today to consider what is acceptable for industry and how we pay or treat individuals working today. Without these men, then the United States would have a completely different outlook on how industry is ran and why we do things the way that we do.

Cloning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Cloning - Essay Example This is not correct. Scientists do not copy embryos. They just take genetic material from a cell and put it into an empty egg cell. With this type of technology, they can develop nerve tissues, heart muscles as well as brain cells. Scientists believe that by cloning, any damage caused by illnesses can be repaired. Cloning involves high risks. The first drawback with it is that it’s very expensive and also inefficient. There are certain cases that have been unsuccessful. For example, in 2001, scientists reported that they had cloned the first human embryo, however the only embryo that survived divided into only six cells. More than 100 nuclear transfer procedures could be required to produce one viable clone. Research shows that cloned animals have high rates of infection, tumor growth and low immune systems. Cloned mice live in poor health and die early. Clones have been known to die mysterious deaths like the first cloned Australian sheep was fit and healthy when it died and causes of death were not revealed even after autopsy. Cloning is done not only for organs but also for an entire human body. Some people like Hitler and Saddam Hussein wanted human replicas of themselves. That’s creepy. To have someone with the same intellect, intelligence and personality as your own kills your individuality. Also if the actual Hitler died, a clone would still be moving around and that’s a scary thought. It’s also unethical as our bodies are sacred; we have no right to destroy any part of it intentionally. We cannot attempt to take nature into our hands. Lots of religious groups say that the male involvement in the process of reproduction becomes useless if cloning becomes successful, and that is not right. Also if this technology falls into the wrong hands, it can be used to perform criminal acts. Moreover, if done inefficiently, it can cause defects in the clone of a human. Then what would we call that clone? A human? An animal? Babies born with a

Taxation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Taxation - Essay Example In implementing the principles of tax efficiency, it adheres to â€Å"fiscal neutrality† in the sense that the tax system is implemented such that â€Å"it does not interfere with the workings of the markets or the decisions of the households while minimising the disincentive effects† of government taxes on he level of economic activity. Subscribing to the perspective of the OECD that â€Å"an efficient tax system† is achieved via a mix of different taxes, the UK tax system combines various types of taxation to promote taxation efficiency (UK Parliament, 2011). Another important policy anchor on which the UK taxation system rests is fairness. According to the UK Parliament (2011), this means that â€Å"the burden of tax should reflect the ability to pay while incorporating principles of intergenerational equity.† A defensible way of interpreting the policy declaration is that the UK’s tax policy is governed by equity taxation which can be extended t o mean that taxation can be used to promote equity. The UK’s notion of equity, however, covers the promotion of social and intergenerational equity. This means that equity across social groups is promoted (without promoting disincentive to work and do business) as well as intergenerational equity. ... It is a standard notion in economics that horizontal equity means that those who earn the same should have equal burden of the tax while vertical equity means that those who earn more should share a higher burden of the tax: those with the same ability should pay the same tax and those with higher abilities should pay more taxes. The UK Parliament (2011) also emphasised that in promoting fairness in taxation requires that the UK government create policy measures that prevent tax avoidance and evasion. Finally, another important reason given by the UK Parliament on why the government of the UK imposes taxes is that people must get value for their money. This is interpreted to mean that the UK taxation is designed and people are taxed in a manner that compliance and collection costs are marshalled to a minimum (UK Parliament, 2011). In sum, based on the UK Parliament’s publication, the core principles of the UK government’s tax policy are sustainability, efficiency, fairn ess and value for money. The four principles provide the basis as well as the reasons on why a certain tax policy is adopted and the manner by which a tax policy is implemented. At the same time, the articulation of the four principles should not obscure a fundamental fact: the â€Å"main aim of the tax system† of the UK is to raise revenue (UK Parliament, 2011). The UK Parliament (2011) publication declared that if tax policy is used to support other objectives then it should be interpreted as an attempt by the tax system to produce the best value for money. With the ongoing global economic difficulties that are believed to have originated from the United States sub-prime crisis of 2008, UK’s taxation policies are also

Art Essay Example for Free

Art Essay The urban vernacular landscape is built from corrugated GI sheets and concrete; its architectural philosophy, expressed by maximizing minimal spaces and improvising. Luis Santos takes the visual language of the streets into the gallery with Structures, his fourth solo exhibition. Born from his interest in random abstract forms, the show is a riff on patterns found in mechanically created assemblies. The starting point of Structures is a galvanized iron (GI) sheet—a ubiquitous roofing material in developing countries—that Santos has distorted, warped, and bent to his will. Four twisted sheets lie on the gallery floor at the feet of a diptych, two square canvases that have been tilted and angled as a reference to construction poster boards, prefabricated tin tabernacles, and provisional lean-to shelters. The strength of Santos’s technique is evident in the three-dimensional quality of his work: the texture, metallic sheen, and rippling surface of the GI sheets are depicted in high fidelity. Each crumple and crease is rendered in minute detail with utter care and attention. In this regard, Santos is comparable to a 15th-century artist obsessed with draped fabrics and communicating the physical properties of cloth—how it folds and falls over a human subject—on canvas. In Structures, the industrial polish of galvanized iron replaces the delicacy of silk and the rich heft of velvet. Structures meditates on many things: the unexpected tessellations arising rom mundane, overlooked objects; the improvisational ingenuity of urban vernacular architecture; and the expanded definition of painting beyond oil and canvas. My Feedback/Insight : For me when i say this work of art i was supprised and stunned cause i always see stuff like this when i go out of the house. So i was interested to know why he did it and what he thought about the artwork that he made. Other people may think his art is made up only by a plain metal sheet and and wooden chairs but for me it offers a macroscopic view of the immense ocean of steel that rolls through the city, and captures the beauty of landlocked waves undulating and glinting under the sun. This piece of artwork is effortless but can go through the hearts of alot of people. For me it shows the hard life of the non wealthy people it reminds me of people who live near the bridges in paranaque and people who have no pemanent home and just build their houses or shelters using plain metal sheets. It reminds me that alot of people struggle because of lack of money but also gives me the impression that even though alot of filipinos are having a hard time living and even though they just have a small house to live in, even though its just made of plain metal sheets and wooded planks alot of families are still together yes some go seperate ways but most of them stay together cause thats what they have their family. If i put it to simple words, This work of art symbolizes the life of the penniless and their hard times as a poverty stricken person. The texture of the art work is just metallic the shape of it a square actually its just a corrugated metal sheets mounted on wooden panel, the artwork is also shiny and curved like the usual roof you see in low class houses in the phillippines. I find it beautiful and misunderstood at the same time. The artwork puts alot of things in my mind and reminds me of the houses in the philippines. The color of the are just gray and fills me with sadness and reminds me of hard times. The lines of the artwork are curvy there is no space movement. It does not have to much color so the art work is just monochrome.

Assess whether or not the changes in the structure of the UK industry E

Assess whether or not the changes in the structure of the UK industry have been beneficial for the economy, industries and the consumer. Over the past 30 years the structure of the UK economy has been transformed. By this I mean there has been changes in the production and employment between the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors. In 1964, 1,201,000 people were employed in the primary sector. By 1995 there were only 383,000 people employed in the primary sector. This shows a decrease of 818,000 employees over 31 years. This was mainly due to a contraction of output in the coal mining industries, and the collapse of oil prices in 1986, further contributing toward the declining industry. The second change in the structure of the UK industry was a decrease in output and employment in the secondary (manufacturing) sector. A decrease of 6,027,000 employment was recorded between 1964 and 1995. This is deindustrialisation. The final change was in the tertiary sector, where the amount employed had increased by 50%, from 11,178,000 to 16,527,000, between 1964 and 1995. Increasing its percentage of GDP in the UK. Therefore we can conclude that there has been an increase in employment output in the tertiary sector and a decrease in the primary and tertiary sectors. There has also been a shift over the years from public to private sector production, which creates competition, causing lower prices and benefiting the consumer, while contributing to ...

Aristotles Life Essay

Aristotle (384-322 BC) was a Greek philosopher, educator, and scientist, and was also one of the most influential thinkers in Western culture (World Book 663). Through his writings, Aristotle considered, summarized, criticized, and helped to further develop many of these traditions from which he had learned from Plato, his teacher. He was born in Stagira, and both of his parents died when he was a boy. His legal guardian named Proxenus raised him (World Book 663). At the age of 18 years of age, Aristotle entered Plato’s school in Athens called the Academy. When Plato died in 347 BC, Aristotle left the Academy to live with some of Plato’s disciples who were living with Hermeias. In 334 BC, he returned to Athens and founded a school called the Lyceum (World Book 663). His school, philosophy, and his followers were called peripatetic, which is Greek for walking. The reason for this name was because Aristotle did most of his teaching while he was walking with his students. After Alexander the Great’s death in 323 BC, Aristotle was charge with impiety by the Athenians, which was a similar crime that was brought upon another philosopher, Socrates. Worried that he would be set to death for this charge, Aristotle fled to the city of Chalcis. A year after his arrival in Chalcis, Aristotle died (World Book 663). Aristotle’s Physics Aristotle work on basically all of the basic known subjects (Math, Science, Literature, English, Ethic, etc†¦). He also made his contribution in the field of Physics and Metaphysics (means after physics). Aristotle’s Physics is composed of several books and each is broken up into different parts of physics. In Aristotle’s Physics, he thinks that natural objects are substances, and that they consist of both matter and form. Matter and form cannot be separated from one another (Internet). He goes on to explain that all substances have within each one of us, is the origin of our change and movement.

Rwt1 Research Paper

Business Research Report Compensation Strategies Presented to: Management Assessment Code: RWT1 Table of Contents Executive Summary3 Introduction4 Research Findings5 Performance Based Pay5 Salary6 Longevity Pay7 Recommendations8 Conclusion8 References9 Executive Summary This report examines 3 different compensation systems that our company can develop and enforce within our company for our employees.Compensation is the most important and rewarding factor for employees, so a thorough and thoughtful approach should be taken as we think about changing the way in which this company rewards it's employees for the work they do for us each and every day. Performance based pay is a widely popular approach to compensation where the employers pays the employee based on their job performance. This gives the employees control of how much they make and inspires them to do their best work on a daily basis to maximize their own income.With high productivity and quality performance employers are abl e to become more competitive and increase profit. Salary is an easy and constant way of paying the employees of this company. This is a set wage that employees will earn based on their job description. This wage will not change based on their merit or seniority. The stability of this compensation system appeals to employees as they always are aware of how income they will receive. But it also has very little room for growth and opportunity for the employees. The last form of compensation we can consider for our employees as a company is longevity pay.This is compensation based on the employee's seniority, length of service, or tenure. This can be in the form of annual bonuses on their employment anniversary date, or monthly amounts added to their checks. This provides the employees with motivation to continuing their career and employment with the company. My final recommendation for the company is to develop our own performance based pay system for our employees. This will create h ighly productive and motivated employees eager to perform their job duties to the best of their abilities to maximize their own personal income.This in turn will create more profitability for our company. Also, creating goals for our employees will create awareness of our company's goal as a whole organization and will create a more united workforce as we all work together for the same goal. A company with driven employees producing quality work can only be successful. Introduction I, Jamie Yocom, a Human Resource Assistant have been given the task of researching different compensation strategies for our company. In this eport I will be reporting to the Human Resource Director my research findings on 3 different compensation methods: Salary, Performance-Based Pay, and Longevity Pay. I will compare and contrast these methods in order for management to determine which method is most appropriate for us to adopt for our 120 employees. Since compensation is the biggest benefit we provide to our employees, this topic deserves thorough research and thought as we examine and promote a new way of rewarding our employees for their hard work and dedication to the quality and performance we expect from each and every one of them.After reading this report, management will have a greater understanding of each of these 3 methods and will be able to begin the process of deciding which one will be implemented in the near future. I will introduce using the compensation strategy of salary, which is a set amount an employee receives annually for the work they do no matter the quality of their work, or the hours they put in. Performance Based Pay is another method we can use in which employees are paid based on the quality of their performance and production.Longevity Pay is the final method I will propose of our use, it involves wage adjustments for each employee based on the length of service each year. Compensation policies can be very unique and vary from organization to organ ization. An understanding of the different methods is necessary in order to be profitable and to inspire quality production. Research Findings From extensive research, using a variety of relevant and credible resources, there are three compensation systems that should be considered: Performance Based Pay Salary Longevity Pay Performance Based Pay A Performance-Based Pay system is an increasingly popular compensation method used by organizations to increase productivity. A goal for all companies is to try and remain competitive and control costs, this is a reason for performance-based pay systems becoming more popular. This type of system attempts to link compensation to performance. (Gena Richter, 2002) These systems are directly tied to organization or individual performance and are most effective when based on objective measures of quantity or quality of performance.If we wish to have a direct impact on work motivation, it must be linked directly to the performance of desired beha viors. In order for to put this type of system into place, performance evaluations must be conducted regularly , as well as training and development for those with performance that isn't quite up to par. These additional resources will be necessary for our organization if we implement a performance based pay system. (William B. Bernathy, Ph. D. , 2004) Pay for performance compensation plans are widely considered to be a â€Å"win-win† for employees as well as their employers.When pay for performance wages are properly put in place at a company, everyone shares a common goal of doing what is best for the organization. In a system where employees earn higher compensation if their team, department, or company reaches specified targets, it becomes a motivational tactic to get employees to work harder and benefit the company while at the same time providing an added benefit for them. Instilling a performance based pay system in a company will allow you to get the most out of all o f your employees and their performance and production. Martinovic, 2012) Reasonable, measurable goals and performance incentives should be the basis of compensation for all employees, at all levels, no matter what their job description or title is. Objections should be made clear and achievable based on their job description and quantifiable to provide each employee with incentives for good and productive performance. (Pinto, 2003) From a business perspective, in order to remain competitive in the current labor market, it would be smart to tie pay to performance so that employees' output is accelerated.As a result, this type of system will streamline operations in an effort to control cost and remain competitive. â€Å"A well-constructed performance-based pay system can be viewed as an interactive process that translates the overall strategic initiatives into daily actions, with quantitative and attainable rewards provided to employees who accomplish their goals. † (Paul R. D orf, 2001) Analysis: It is clear that there are many benefits to this type of compensation plan. The most evident is creating a more motivated and united workforce, as their one and only goal will be quality production.If our employees can equate their performance on the job with their paycheck, they will become a more focused, hardworking, and determined asset to our company. They will take ownership of their daily duties and tasks and hopefully become more efficient at what they do, which in turn, will be more and more profitable for the company. Different reasons to utilize this type of performance based system include: a way to retain and recognize top performers, align labor costs with productivity, and reinforce company objectives.Employees will also develop a more clear understanding of the overall business objectives. 1 Salary The general definition in federal law for salary is a regularly paid amount of money, constituting all or part of an employee's wages, paid on a weekl y or less frequent basis that is not subject to reduction due to the quality or quantity of work performed. (â€Å"Department of Workforce,†) Employers are responsible for paying their employees for the work that they perform; this can include using salary as a method to pay your employees.Employees that are salaried will be paid differently than those that are paid hourly. Hourly employees are paid based on the amount of hours worked and salaried employees are paid a set wage. (Natalie Grace, 2012) Salary is a fixed amount of compensation or money that is paid to an employee by their employer in return for work performed. Unlike performance based, that set wage will be the same no matter what. Salary is usually paid in bi-weekly paychecks to each professional employee. Most frequently an employee's salary is paid in 26 even paychecks over the course of a calendar year.A salaried employee has no need to track hours worked because they are not paid overtime. An employee who is paid salary is expected to complete a whole job in return for their compensation. This is what makes salary different from hourly compensation or performance based pay. Their pay will be the same no matter the hours worked or the quality of their performance. (Heathfield, 2009) Analysis: Salary is the most stable and constant compensation system introduced in this report. It involves no changes or updates throughout the year.Employees will always be able to know what their pay will be. They will not be expected to meet quotas or goals in order to make their money. Employees who are salaried have a sense of stability when they think about their compensation from their employer, as stated above; their production and performance will not change their pay. This will frequently be the least complex form of compensation but it will not motivate or inspire the workforce to be more productive or efficient in their daily job responsibilities.Since their pay will always be the same, they wil l develop a mindset that they do not have to strive to do better or be better, since their pay does not depend on job performance. 2 Longevity Pay This type of compensation system is a contractual agreement where the employee will receive compensation based on their seniority. The manner in which this type of compensation is paid out can very widely. Each organization will have a policy that will describe the details of the longevity pay plan. These policies include the amount to be paid, the percentage of increase, and on what schedule payments will be made.This type of payment appears to the employees as a way of giving due compensation to workers who have made a significant contribution to the organization. (â€Å"wisegeek. com†) Longevity-pay is a wage adjustment that the employers base on the length of service, seniority or employee's tenure with the company. The amount of annual longevity-pay is frequently a percentage of the employee's annual rate of pay on the employe e's anniversary date. (â€Å"uslegal. com. † 2002) This type of payment is typically given to employees to recognize and reward the length of their tenures.These payments can also be given when employees reach significant employment anniversaries. These longevity payments differ from merit based pay in that a longevity-payment is based only on length of service, while a merit based payment is designed to recognize superior job performance and production. These are implemented by companies to help retain and attract top talent. Human Resource Mangers think of this as a way to reward loyalty and to inspire potential employees to understand that the company places value on employee experience and loyalty. (Willsey, 2002) Analysis:From an employee's point of view, longevity pay means that the company you work for values your time and effort you put into your job. The point of having these longevity-payments and rewards is to retain our top and loyal performers. Rewarding our empl oyees for their time served would be a substantial reason for employees to continue their career with this company. Recommendations Based on the above research and information on 3 different types of compensation, this is my recommendation for our company. Recommendation One: Develop and enforce a performance based bay system to otivate and inspire our employees to produce to the best of their abilities. Conclusion In conclusion, after thorough research and examination of compensation systems I recommend a performance based pay system for our company. This type of pay system will instill a clear understanding in the employees of our company's purpose. By connecting their compensation with their performance on the job will inspire them to be more thorough, efficient. And they will learn to be more productive employees, which in turn will be more profitable for our company.With employees that are driven by quality production this company should only expect growth and success. We can i ncrease productivity and remain competitive with other companies in our market by developing this type of compensation system. 1 References Abernathy, William B. , Ph. D. (2004). debwagner. info. Retrieved from http://debwagner. info/hpttoolkit/pfp_hpt. htm Department of workforce development. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://dwd. wisconsin. gov/er/labor_standards_bureau/publication_erd_13109_p. htm Dorf, Paul R. (2011).Would performance-based compensation improve your workforce?. Retrieved from http://www. compensationresources. com/press-room/would-performance-based-compensation-improve-your-workforce-. php Grace, Natalie. (2012). Ehow. com. Retrieved from http://www. ehow. com/about_5367027_rules-paying-salary. html Heathfield , S. H. (2009, March 26). About. com. Retrieved from http://humanresources. about. com/od/glossarys/g/salary. htm Martinovic, S. (2012, Feb 20). Pay for performance compensation plans. Retrieved from http://www. gaebler. om/Pay-for-Performance-Compensation-P lans. htm Pinto, J. (2003). Performance-based compensation. Retrieved from http://www. jimpinto. com/writings/compensation. html Richter, Gena. (2002). Retrieved from http://user. txcyber. com/~gena/HRPage/articles/062099. shtml uslegal. com. (2002). Retrieved from http://definitions. uslegal. com/l/longevity-pay/ Willsey, Marie. â€Å"What is a longevity raise? † 14 July 2010. HowStuffWorks. com. 24 February 2012. wisegeek. com. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://www. wisegeek. com/what-is-longevity-pay. htm

AniSci Lesson Plan 3 Essays - Education, Articles, Free Essays

AniSci Lesson Plan 3 Essays - Education, Articles, Free Essays Lesson Plan #3 Age: K-2 Subject: Animal Science Topic: Animal Behavior Time + Pacing Central Focus of Lesson: At the end of the lesson, students should feel comfortable recognizing the things that both they and animals have in common when it comes to behavior, and that all behaviors come from a stimulus. Part 2: Content Objectives SWBAT give an accurate definition of animal behavior SWBAT give examples of behaviors animals perform and the stimuli behind these actions Key Vocabulary Stimulus Behavior Prior Academic Learning and Prerequisite Skills: Students should have prior experience on classifying things as living or nonliving, and characteristics of living things Students have very little prior knowledge of the subject of animal science and these topics. Students should also have a prior knowledge of how to use art supplies such as markers, colored pencils, or crayons. Students should be aware of typical classroom procedures. Materials Needed Blank Paper (one for each child) Markers, colored pencils, or crayons Board Part 3: Lesson Introduction Gather the children and begin the discussion by reviewing concept of living and nonliving things "Are animals living or nonliving?" "What makes them living?" The students should give examples such as: eating, breathing, moving, sleeping, etc. If incorrect suggestions are given, discuss and clear any misconceptions. After the list is complete, explain that today they are going to be talking about the things that both they and animals have in common when it comes to behaviors, such as sleeping, eating, moving, and caring for young Ask students if they know what the word behavior means. When suggestions are given, write them on the board. If incorrect suggestions are given, write them on the board, discuss, and correct misconceptions before erasing incorrect information. This is the working definition for behavior, and they will be able to come to the correct definition throughout the lesson. Definition they are working towards: any action and animal does in response to stimuli (go over some synonyms for stimulus), or the response of an animal to its environment. By this definition, behavior considers all activities in which an animal engages and includes moving, grooming, feeding, sleeping, and caring for the young, to name a few. 5-10 min Introduction of New Information Begin the discussion on the concept of learned vs instinctive behaviors "What are some things that you knew how to do without anyone teaching you?" +breathing, sleeping "Are there things that you needed to be taught or only know how to do from watching it happen?" +writing, reading, walking Information to give: Something that is learned is a behavior that you or an animal needs to be taught. A behavior that is instinctive is a behavior that you or an animal knows how to do from the time you are born. Begin the discussion on the concept of sleep/resting One behavior that both you and animals do is to sleep or rest. "Do all living things need sleep?" Information to give: Some animals sleep much more or much less than humans. Some animals sleep during the day, and some sleep when it is dark, like humans. Some animals, like horses, can sleep while they are standing up. Begin the discussion on the concept of maternal behaviors Some animals take care of their children in a similar way that your parents or grandparents take care of you. They can make sure that they have food, water, and shelter. Some even take care of their children when they are sick. The parents of animals teach them things just like your parents or grandparents teach you. Begin the discussion on the concept of the importance of understanding behavior "Why do you think it is important for people to understand animal behavior?" Give time for discussion, and after give information. It is important to understand animal behavior so that we can take care of animals, make sure they have the right kind of shelter, and help to make sure that we are interacting with animals in a good way Ask students if there are any questions, and clear any misconceptions that they may have. Encourage students to ask questions or share their thoughts throughout the discussion. 15 min Learning Activities/ Interactive Learning At their own desks/tables provide each student with the materials for the art activity. Each student should have a piece of blank paper and coloring supplies (markers, crayons, or colored pencils). Explain that the students will each be drawing one behavior that both

Free Essays on Stress In The Workplace

The Random House College Dictionary defines stress as, â€Å"physical, mental, or emotional strain or tension† (p.1300). Stress is something that we all experience in our lives, more often than not. Stress can be caused by many factors, including poor diet, lack of sleep, rigorous schedules, etc. For many, stress is an everyday part of their job, and can greatly affect their physical and psychological health. For this paper, I plan to describe, in depth, the stresses that many endure in their workplace, including where stress comes from, why stress occurs, what the cause of stress is, and how you can manage and control stress. There are many sources of stress in the work environment. â€Å"A great deal of worker stress is caused by stressors in the environment of the work organization† (Riggio, 2000, p.250). These stressors include job insecurity, excessive competition, difficulties in interpersonal relationships, unpleasant or uncomfortable working conditions, work overload, underutilization, job ambiguity, lack of control and support, long or unusual working hours, as well as income level. Physical sources including lack of sleep, health status, poor diet, as well as drug and alcohol use can contribute to the amount and degree of stress a person experiences on the job. â€Å"While a great deal of stress is created by factors in the organization or by features of jobs and work tasks, some is caused by characteristics of the workers themselves† (Riggio, 2000, p.254). There are two types of behavior patterns that are associated with individual sources of work stress. They have been defined as Type A behavior pattern and susceptibility to stress and to stress effects. Type A behavior pattern is characterized by excessive drive and competitiveness, a sense of urgency and impatience, and underlying hostility (Riggio, 2000). This type of person is otherwise known as a â€Å"workaholic.† People who possess Type A behavior patte... Free Essays on Stress In The Workplace Free Essays on Stress In The Workplace The Random House College Dictionary defines stress as, â€Å"physical, mental, or emotional strain or tension† (p.1300). Stress is something that we all experience in our lives, more often than not. Stress can be caused by many factors, including poor diet, lack of sleep, rigorous schedules, etc. For many, stress is an everyday part of their job, and can greatly affect their physical and psychological health. For this paper, I plan to describe, in depth, the stresses that many endure in their workplace, including where stress comes from, why stress occurs, what the cause of stress is, and how you can manage and control stress. There are many sources of stress in the work environment. â€Å"A great deal of worker stress is caused by stressors in the environment of the work organization† (Riggio, 2000, p.250). These stressors include job insecurity, excessive competition, difficulties in interpersonal relationships, unpleasant or uncomfortable working conditions, work overload, underutilization, job ambiguity, lack of control and support, long or unusual working hours, as well as income level. Physical sources including lack of sleep, health status, poor diet, as well as drug and alcohol use can contribute to the amount and degree of stress a person experiences on the job. â€Å"While a great deal of stress is created by factors in the organization or by features of jobs and work tasks, some is caused by characteristics of the workers themselves† (Riggio, 2000, p.254). There are two types of behavior patterns that are associated with individual sources of work stress. They have been defined as Type A behavior pattern and susceptibility to stress and to stress effects. Type A behavior pattern is characterized by excessive drive and competitiveness, a sense of urgency and impatience, and underlying hostility (Riggio, 2000). This type of person is otherwise known as a â€Å"workaholic.† People who possess Type A behavior patte...

UK Food Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words - 1

UK Food Industry - Essay Example Obesity can be fuelled by excessive consumption of high-fat food, genetic predisposition, and lack of physical exercise. However, several parties play a role in causing obesity in a certain population. For instance, both the government and business firms determine what type of food the population eats, any unhealthy food with high fat and sugar content will definitely cause obesity (Parkin & Boyd, 2011). This paper seeks to expound on the childhood obesity in the United Kingdom, with a close analysis on the food industry’s corporate social responsibility, focusing on MacDonald restaurants and the role they have played in combating childhood obesity. In the UK, obesity has been declared a crisis since its population is gradually turning obese. For example, a research conducted in 2007 revealed that nearly 25% of all adults were obese. The figure steadily increased in 2012 with 37% of all adults in the UK being obese. This trend seems to escalate so quickly that it is estimated that by 2025 nearly 40% of Britons will be obese with the Body Mass Index greater than 30kg/M ². The figure is even reaching Biblical proportions by 2050 with the speculations of obesity affecting 60% of adult men and 50% of adult females (ParliÅ„ska, A, & Rembielak, 2014). The Foresight Report of 2007 exposed causes of obesity among the UK’s population. These causes were broadly categorized into four groups, the social influences that entail individual habits and psychology, the activity environment focusing of individual’s physical activity practices, biology which basically means the genetic predisposition to obesity and food environment that sums up all types of food consumed as well as their caloric and fat content. Each of these factors plays a role in causing obesity in the UK but the most adamant one is the food environment. Obesity easily becomes a crisis because it is associated with other medical conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, arthritis etc.

Compare and Contrast Research Methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 5

Compare and Contrast Research Methods - Essay Example However, the genesis of any research work is pegged on identification of research topic that will in turn lead to applicable research method (Lee and Xia, 2011). The most commonly used research methods often fall under qualitative and quantitative research methods. Panel survey is a qualitative research method that compares well with other research methods especially in understanding business dynamics. Some of the methods include cohort survey, longitudinal studies, formal and in-depth studies, focused grouped discussion, and observational research methods. Panel survey is a research method that allows a researcher to determine the changes and reasons that may have caused such changes within a population (Jackson, 2011). This survey focuses on the study of the trend of people since the sample of people is expected to change over a certain period. The sample that is used in this kind of survey is humans, and it is called panel. For example, a researcher who wants to know the change in quality of goods and services might use the customers who use the targeted goods or services (Rubin and Babbie, 2010). The selected customers are the researcher’s sample. After selecting the sample, the researcher will contact the same set of customers over the period he wants to study or survey the trend in the quality of services targeted by an organization (Bryman, 2012). It is essential to note that the panel survey uses the same question for all data it designates to collect. The main advantage of the panel survey is that its results are extrem ely useful and offer specific explanations. However, the survey may be difficult to conduct because it is expensive and takes a long time within which sample ratio may be affected with other factors such as socio-economic, ethical, or even death. Persons or samples may drop out of the studies, and they are often referred to as attrition (Lee and Xia, 2011). Additionally, survey panel usually allows

Compare the jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice and the Essay

Compare the jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice and the Permanent Court of Arbitration in the resolution of Inter - Essay Example The PCA was a precursor to all the other international institutions formed to resolve international disputes, including the International Court of Justice (ICJ) formed in 1945 under the convention of the United Nations. Arbitration, which has turned into a hugely popular process in the last 50 years for commercial dispute settlement is widely accepted amongst the various states worldwide that regularly enforce the resolution awarded by the court of arbitration. However, the ICJ and the scores of other similar tribunal bodies created by the states have not become popular, and their rulings are not widely accepted by the various states. Despite the popularity of the arbitration body, both the institutions (PCA and ICJ) face criticism from the experts, while observations reveal that a lack of enforcement of the awarded statements remains a major problem for both the bodies. In this context, the article will examine the differences in the jurisdictions of PCA and the IJC in the resolutio n of International Investments/Commercial Disputes. It will study various texts to identify the problems associated with these international legal bodies especially created for resolving global commercial problems. The jurisdictions of the International Court of Justice and the Permanent Court of Arbitration in the resolution of International Investments/Commercial Disputes 1 Introduction Traditionally the jurisdictions of courts depend primarily on the consent of the contending parties. The first famous commercial dispute case was seen in the 19th century during the US civil war, where consent was forwarded by Britain. Here we find that US had submitted the ‘Alabama Claims’ under the jurisdiction of arbitration.1 This claim centred on the activities of a particular ship named The Alabama, built by an English shipyard and later sold to the Confederates, during the civil war. Here U.S. felt that Britain had contravened the neutrality rules, and it claimed compensation un der the Three Rules of Washington for the losses suffered by its army when the Confederacy used The Alabama. In this case, under arbitration, the verdict went against Britain, whereupon the state took a political decision to accept the indictment, as awarded by arbitration. This process of submission to arbitration to solve a dispute that was transnational in nature and the manner of resolution encouraged other states to also start using arbitration, which finally led to the formation of the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA). During the initial years, a large number of inter-State disputes came under the various tribunals established under PCA.2 Since PCA was primarily established to resolve disputes between the states, all its initial tribunals were asked to decide on disputes related to matters on public international legal issues like treaty implications, state duties, and territorial sovereignty. Many of the principles formed during these early years still hold good as intern ational laws, often given as a reference by other international bodies,

Global Warming Essay Example for Free

Global Warming Essay Global warming pertains to the increase in temperature of the atmosphere based on the entrapment of gases that are emitted from activities on the surface of the earth. The increase in temperature is a direct result of the greenhouse effect, which involves heat that originated from the sun, which is entrapped within the atmosphere due to several factors. Scientists have determined that the atmosphere’s temperature has increased since the industrial revolution, which has maximized the use of chemicals in manufacturing various kinds of materials in industry. Global warming may result in regional changes in the weather, which will be more obvious if the weather were compared from one decade to another, and not on a daily basis. However, scientists have hypothesized that when the temperature of the surface of the earth has reached a highly critical level, such high temperature will cause severe and drastic changes to the atmosphere, affecting the oceans and will severely alter the weather patterns in a matter of years. Changes in the weather may include increasingly hot days and less cool days. The water levels will go down, exposing more land surface during the summer. Even higher latitude regions will be warmer by 40%. In addition, the amount the precipitation, be it rain or snow, will also increase, in the form of stronger storms and very intense typhoons and hurricanes. The El Nino events may also be more increase due to global warming. Global warming not only affects the weather, but it will also affect natural habitats. Higher levels of CO2 may facilitate the growth of forests, facilitating them to flourish and bloom. The warmer ocean waters will be helpful to fish and algae in the high seas. However, those organisms in higher elevations will find difficulty in surviving in warmer environments. Higher temperatures in oceans may kill corals, which are the nurseries for fishes and other aquatic organisms. For the human population, global warming may cause more incidents of infectious diseases such malaria, as well as systemic health problems such as heat stroke and respiratory diseases. Currently, the world is confused as society is ignorant of the detailed effects of global warming. Society is aware the summers are now longer and more intense and winters are envious of summer’s wrath, unleashing a fury that rivals the intensity of the heat. This is actually what global warming does. It confuses the world and now currently has also succeeded in confounding scientists. From a scientific point of view, global warming can be understood as a global environmental phenomenon which is characterized by an increase in the average temperature of the Earths near-surface air and oceans (Smith and Reynolds, 2005). There is certainly no doubt that global warming has a very detrimental effect on the environment as it causes rising sea levels and alters the amount and pattern of precipitation that a areas all over the world get (Gregory et al. , 2002). These environmental changes are also the projected causes of other ecological changes such as increases in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events which in turn creates changes in agricultural yields, glacier retreat, reduced summer stream flows, species extinctions and increases in the ranges of disease vectors (Choi and Fisher, 2003). References Choi O and Fisher A (2003): The impacts of socioeconomic development and climate change on severe weather catastrophe losses: Mid-Atlantic region (MAR) and the U. S. Climate Change Vol. 58, pp. 149. Gregory JM, Stouffer RJ and Raper SCG (2002): An observationally based estimate of the climate sensitivity. J. Climate 15(22):3117-21. Smith TM and Reynolds RW (2005): A global merged land–air–sea surface temperature reconstruction based on historical observations (1880–1997). J. Clim. 18(12): 2021-2036.

Against Making Flag Burning Illegal Essay -- Patriotism Freedom essays

Flag Burning There is a great travesty going on in America right now. Everyday, people are fighting to stop one of America’s greatest freedoms, the freedom of speech. Even this way of exercising America’s greatest amendment, freedom of speech, is not liked by all people it is still protected under our nation’s law. The act of publicly burning an American flag is something that is deemed disgraceful by many Americans, but it should not be outlawed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many people are offended by the act of publicly burning an American flag and feel it should be outlawed based on the fact that it is offensive to the citizens of this country. Although this may be true, people still have the right to protest. This was upheld in a Supreme Court case Texas v. Johnson, where the defendant Mr. Johnson was arrested for publicly burning a flag outside the Republican National Convention in Dallas, Texas. After being arrested Mr. Johnson was convicted of setting fire to a flag during a protest and chanting with other protesters; â€Å"America, the red, white, and blue, we spit on you†(Texas v. Johnson). He appealed his claim to the Texas Supreme Court of Appeals where they overturned the conviction based on the fact that he was exercising his first amendment right. One of the Supreme Court justices went on to say, â€Å"If there is a bedrock principle underlying the First Amendment, it is that the government may not prohibit the e xpression of an idea simply because society finds the idea itself offensive o... Against Making Flag Burning Illegal Essay -- Patriotism Freedom essays Flag Burning There is a great travesty going on in America right now. Everyday, people are fighting to stop one of America’s greatest freedoms, the freedom of speech. Even this way of exercising America’s greatest amendment, freedom of speech, is not liked by all people it is still protected under our nation’s law. The act of publicly burning an American flag is something that is deemed disgraceful by many Americans, but it should not be outlawed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many people are offended by the act of publicly burning an American flag and feel it should be outlawed based on the fact that it is offensive to the citizens of this country. Although this may be true, people still have the right to protest. This was upheld in a Supreme Court case Texas v. Johnson, where the defendant Mr. Johnson was arrested for publicly burning a flag outside the Republican National Convention in Dallas, Texas. After being arrested Mr. Johnson was convicted of setting fire to a flag during a protest and chanting with other protesters; â€Å"America, the red, white, and blue, we spit on you†(Texas v. Johnson). He appealed his claim to the Texas Supreme Court of Appeals where they overturned the conviction based on the fact that he was exercising his first amendment right. One of the Supreme Court justices went on to say, â€Å"If there is a bedrock principle underlying the First Amendment, it is that the government may not prohibit the e xpression of an idea simply because society finds the idea itself offensive o...

Normal Flora Essay

Normal flora are found in specific areas of the body and often depends on environmental factors such as pH, oxygen concentration, amount of moisture present, etc. Some sites in which native microbial is the skin in which you often find staphylococci, streptococci, diptheriod bacilli, yeast and fungi. You often find staphylococci, streptococci, diotheriod, spirochetes, and members of the genera Branhamella, Neisseria, and Haemophilus in the throat or the upper respiratory tract. In this exercise, we identified microorganisms that normally reside in the throat and skin and compared them using streak plate inoculations. There are several different types on plates used to identify native flora of the skin and throat. Blood agar contains mammalian blood (usually sheep or horse) and is used to isolate fastidious organisms and detect a-gemolytic acitivity and b-hemolytic activity and is specifically used to determine the presence of staphylococci and streptococci on the skin and throat. A mannitol salt agar plate is used for identifying native skin flora and is inoculated to observe the presence of staphylococci, specifically the pathogenic versus the non-pathogenic. The pathogenic causes yellow coloration of the medium surrounding the growth. A Sabouraud agar plate is also used for identifying native skin flora and detects years and molds. Yeast cells will develop colonies that are elevated, moist and glistening and mold colonies will appear as fuzzy, powdery growths. Materials: -blood agar plates -Mannitol salt agar plates -sabouraud agar plates -nutrient agar plates -2, 5mL sterile saline tubes -sterile cotton swabs Methods: Each student must take a sterile cotton swab and either swabs the back of their throat, their palm, or the bottom of their foot. After swabbing for approximately 10-15 seconds we mixed the swab in the solution of sterile saline tubes. Then we each had our own nutrient agar plate, blood agar,  mannitol salt, and sabouraud, so we labeled each and steaked them. Then we inoculated the plates and sit for approximately two days. Then we observed and recorded out findings. We noted number of colonies. CultureThroat SpecimenSkin Specimen Blood agarclear circles, many coloniesWhite, smooth colonies, many Mannitol salt No colonies, medium was red (+) small round colonies, few SabouraudNo colonies(-), few colonies, few  Nutrient broth Round/globular, few Small circular, smooth Discussion: For most of the agar plates including the mannitoal salt agar, sabouraud agar and the nutrient agar there wasn’t many microorganisms growing. We did find that microorganisms seemed to grow best on the blood agar. On the blood agar, the throat specimen appeared to have many clear colonies while the skin specimen had larder white colonies. There were no yellow colonies indicating that there was no pathogenic microbe. When looking at the other plates, we observed more colonies present when examining the skin specimen in comparison to the throat specimen. All of the colonies on the sabouraud, mannitol and nutrient agar were small, white colonies. The reason we may have observed more colonies on the skin specimen in comparison to the throat specimen could be due to the fact that the person that swabbed their throat (me) did not do it for a long enough period of time and therefore, did not observe bacteria growing on the cultures. It could also be because the agars were not the specific environment necessary for those microorganisms to survive. It would be interesting to make slides of these microorganisms to get a closer look at what they look like and be able to differentiate between them on a microscopic level.