The history of manufacturing worldwide and its influence on societies Essay

The history of manufacturing worldwide and its influence on societies and global power - Essay Example It was from this that the world saw increased food production.  Whitten, O. (1997, pg2) says that it was during this period that the agricultural sector benefited from production of machines to replace the existing ones which proved to be unproductive. It is  rational  to argue that the economy of the world has been  independent  of the growth in agriculture. This is because as the agricultural sector made some steps the economy made some percentage growth. The manufacturing of goods in the whole world increased. More profits than before  were indicated. The availability of raw materials was another factor that contributed to the  growth  of manufacturing industries. It is common knowledge that the  production  industries need a constant supply of raw materials. Development of technology that enabled the  growth  of certain crops in deferent areas where they could not  grow  before proved to be significant in  factory  development. These factories enhanced the increase in suppler which meant that more food was available for human consumption than  before. Mills, J (2002, pg53) argues that the increase in the food production was in tandem with the increase in economy. World manufacturing companies are now making  profit. In all sectors of life, things  have been brought  to the footsteps of the people. It is  rational  to  indicate  that, talking of the world manufacturing; one is at the same time talking about globalization. New machines have continuously been manufactured and in the process, increase the  production  of goods. The technology, more  specific  the preservation methods, provided a  chance  for the  growth  of industries. Transportation systems improved tremendously. As a result, machines that cannot be manufactured in deferent areas  were transported.  This made it possible to have the industries spreading to all corners of the world.  Proficient management system in all business, as  put  by Trautman et al (2008, n.p), is

Lab report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Lab Report Example The initial angle’s complementary values result in the same range but the heights are different. 45o is the projection angle with the maximum range. For this experiment, the velocity is still constant in the x-direction (vox = vx = constant). The only difference is that the velocity has a y-component (vo = (vox2 + voy2)Â ½ ). For both experiments, the initial velocity is the same (vox = vo cos q and voy = vo sin q). To find the motion’s equation, Δy = v0y t + Â ½ a t2, t was solved: There is a significant difference between the theoretical range and the experimental range. Errors could have occurred due to incorrect readings because of parallax and calculation errors because of rounding off. These experiments, despite having quite evident errors, the angles with the highest range are 400 and 450. The experiment further emphasized the independence of x- and y-components in projectile motion (Serway, Vuille & Faughn,

Retail Marketing - John Lewis Company in the UK Essay - 1

Retail Marketing - John Lewis Company in the UK - Essay Example The retailing industry is essential to the modern consumer culture that depends on the speedy delivery of goods to the consumer in the market. A typical retail outlet may range from a handful of goods to entire shopping lists depending on the size of the retailing company. Historically retailing businesses in Great Britain have often diversified their total offered lineages as well as putting a focus on expansion since long. The first appreciable move towards assuming a large retailer framework is evident from the early business strategies of John Lewis Partnership that has been chosen for the sake of analysis. The company started out as a simple store but soon the owner John Lewis procured a few other stores before the First World War. Later his son introduced a novel framework for retailing by introducing an employee led partnership. After his death the entire business was bequeathed to the employees of John Lewis Partnership and this has continued as is since 1925. 1.1. Current St ate of the John Lewis Partnership At this point in time the John Lewis Partnership has diversified its business interests such that it owns and operates John Lewis departmental stores, the Waitrose supermarkets as well as a number of other services. The company is still owned by its current employees who are designated as partners. These partners all have an effective say in the manner in which business is conducted. Moreover each partner is provided with a piece of the annual profit of the company which generally ranged between 5% and 20% of the pays of partners throughout an average year between 2000 and 2011. 1.2. Market Standing Currently John Lewis Partnership stands out as the third largest private company in the United Kingdom with a revenue of 6.74 billion pounds in 2009-2010 (The Sunday Times, 2010) along with some 76,500 employees on the pay roll in 2010 (Madelaine, 2011). In addition to the above, John Lewis Partnership has become the United Kingdom’s â€Å"best h igh street† website after it took the place from Marks and Spencer’s in October 2010 (Bold, 2010). John Lewis also serves as the supplier for the Ocado web supermarket chain. Ocado is supplied with the Waitrose brand food products as well as with other non food items from John Lewis directly. Overall the image of the John Lewis Partnership brand and its affiliate’s image are upmarket. Historically John Lewis has appealed to the more fiscally independent customers namely customers present within the middle and upper classes. 2. Retailing Issues 2.1. Drop in Purchasing Power The downturn that has been visible in the global economy since 2008 has had the consequence of lowering the spending levels available to the average consumer. The drop in purchasing power has been all the most noticeable in the North American and Western European markets that were deemed as the markets with the greatest consumer purchasing power. The British market has felt similar problems as well when it comes to purchasing power. Overall consumers are spending less and less when it comes to commodities that are often stocked by retailers. In this respect the overall trend in the British retail industry reflects a slowdown as well. The emergence of other phenomenon related to the recession based phenomenon such as the Euro zone crisis have also shaken consumer confidence in spending at previous levels. Moreover a number of consumers are already spending less in an effort to save more money to avoid situations that

Tesla (electric car company) Marketing Analysis Essay

Tesla (electric car company) Marketing Analysis - Essay Example The company has its headquarters based in California, U.S.A, and it has principles aimed at facilitating development of Models in order to attain its objective of first customer delivery (Tesla Motors, 2010, p. 4). This will facilitate the efforts of pursuing new electric power train opportunities and automobile manufactures. In fact, the paper will focus on conducting SWOT, PESTEL, porter’s five forces, marketing mix and marketing action plan analysis on Tesla Company. SWOT ANALYSIS Strength Tesla signed a licensing deal with lotus cars in order to convert one of their sport models in to an electric car, which was lightweight, small car with all the external body panels made of plastic. On the other hand, the Tesla Roadster has become the first mainstream electric vehicle enquired by celebrities, thus bringing a more desirable model S to the market. The company has managed to develop their first electric sport car â€Å"The Roadster†, and supplied to other manufactures like Toyota with more technological expertise in the field of electric transmission and train drive (GlobalData, 2012, p. 1). The company has also developed a vehicle, which is entirely in house, whereby sub-assemblies are required. The platform developed for Model S has facilitates the application of the crossover model and any other model. In fact, Tesla was the first company to produce electric vehicle and they have stood by the business model to collaborate zero emissions with quality performance design. Weakness The development of the vehicles and sub-assemblies has resulted to an increment of production cost, hence they do not achieve economic of scale. Products have a higher price than their competitors who sell combustion engine powered vehicles. The Roadster has phased out and the sales have reduced, and this is an indication that revenues will come from the Model S. The models have low brand recognition; hence, there will be difficulties in convincing the customers concer ning the superiority of their preferred options of the brand. The other weakness of Model S is that it may not be available until 2012, hence giving a chance to competitors to produce and market their electric vehicles before the release of Model S by Tesla, thus they will take up the market share (Binkiewicz, Chen & Czubakowski, 2008, p. 5). Opportunity The company has been benefiting from support by the government across the globe, since their products are environmentally friendly, thus they have been exempted from duties. The company has also been offered support by the Mercedes Smart car, which has results to leaning the way they can launch in near future. Tesla has a chance to improve the quality control process in order to reduce their cost, hence increasing enthusiasm. The other opportunity relates to the rise of gas prices, whereby people are seeking alternative ways of travelling. In this case, the company acquires a prime opportunity to depict the benefits associated to th eir products and the cost friendliness to customers. Threats There are difficulties involved in production, distribution and selling of the

IN WHAT WAY CAN OPERATIONAL, FUNCTIONAL, STRATEGIC DESIGN MANAGEMENT Essay

IN WHAT WAY CAN OPERATIONAL, FUNCTIONAL, STRATEGIC DESIGN MANAGEMENT CONTRIBUTE TO THE BUSINESS GROWTH OF Artdinox - Essay Example The feedback will provide the base for the ideation process which will lead to new product development. Then the CEO along with the NPD team can take care of the design finalization. In the context of new products one of the most important pieces of information is the control and monitoring mechanism for the product when it is launched briefly into the market as a part of test launch. Art d'inox does a pilot launch through three to four hundred pieces of the new product and monitors it carefully in terms of control points and then depending upon the conclusion decision to further expand the production or to curtail it is taken. Also, the organization can form collaborations with design institutes of repute; in case of Art d'inox it could easily form alliances with National Institute of Design, one of the premier places of learning in its respective field. This encompasses creation of a design management function in the company. At the strategic level this deals with the incorporation of the design strategy into the basic philosophy and workings of key departments like marketing, communication and innovation departments, i.e. inculcating the deign strategy into the business strategy of the firm. ... Art d'inox's basic objective of turning stainless steel items into lifestyle products with the amalgamation of design and functionality through innovative surface finish and the use of combined materials has adhered to this concept. This leads to the planning stage where procedures and standard for quality are fixed. Art d'inox has a design center with a professional design team which works in tandem with NPD or the new product development team. In Art d'inox's functional structure the CEO leads the design vertical along with the NPD, which designs products after receiving pointers from marketing and sales teams. The finances have to be taken care of in terms of setting up supplier and so Art d'inox being a part of the Jindal Stainless Steel group has timely supply of high quality raw material at reasonable prices. Strategic Design Management This is the capability of the design philosophy to give shape to the organizational objective and transform it according to the vision. At the initiation level the basic strategy is defined and the objectives to be reached in terms of design are also communicated clearly. The very concept of Art d'inox lies in changing the perception about stainless steel utensils and items through extremely creative and functional designs. The CEO is at the helm of designing, who along with the NPD team looks after the various aspects of deign and new product launch. This structure ensures that the top management level is guiding the design team from the top and the philosophy also percolates from top through all the management layers and departments. In Art d'inox the CEO ensures the effective completion of this job. Human resources are extremely important, especially in a design

Adventure of the Speckled Band Essay Example for Free

Adventure of the Speckled Band Essay Compare how James Watson and Sir Arthur Conan Doyle Create Fear and Tension in Talking in Whispers and The Adventure of the Speckled Band  In the novel Talking in Whispers and the short story The Adventure of the Speckled Band both Watson and Doyle use fear and tension within their stories to get the attention of the reader. Both authors create fear and tension but they create it in different ways and they use different writing techniques to create fear and tension one reason for this could be that the stories were written at different periods of time. The Adventure of the Speckled Band by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle was written towards the end of the 19th century and is set in Victorian England, whereas Talking in Whispers by James Watson was written towards the end of the 20th century and is set in Chile. Both Stories however contain elements of fear and tension. In the course of my essay I shall examine the different ways that both authors use fear and tension to their advantage. James Watson creates fear and tension in the novel Talking in Whispers by using many different writing techniques. These techniques are very effective in creating fear and tension. Watson uses techniques such as juxtapositioning, identifying the reader with the characters, chapter endings, direct speech and inter-chapters. These all, when used correctly create fear and tension.  The fear and tension created by James Watson when he uses juxtapositioning is very effective as it gives you one scene and in the next paragraph you get a total contrast of it. This surprises the reader, which builds up suspense and a feel of uncertainty. An example of juxtapositioning from Watsons novel would be. The crowd thundered its joy.  From tomorrow all will be different.  Andres knew for certain his friend Horacio was dead  From this example you can see that the crowd thunders with joy is a scene of hope, promise and joy but then immediately afterwards you get a scene of violence, horror and despair Andres knew for certain his friend Horacio was dead. This all helps to build up tension and fear.  Watson makes you feel sorry and sad and angry for characters if anything happens to them. Watson does this by identifying the reader with Andres. What Watson does is he lets you into Andres mind he lets you see his feelings he lets you feel his pain he lets you know his sorrow. An example of this technique would be near to the end of page 12. Jordan Clement GCSE English Coursework 4/27/2007  I should have let myself be taken theres no honour in this, skulking in brambles with only a scratch to show for my bravery.  From this example you can see Watson lets you know what Andres is feeling and thinking. From the sentence I should have let myself be taken we know that Andres is not a coward and will not back down to the CNI (Chiles secret police) we also know from this that Andres is going to try to avenge his family and friends. This starts to build up the fear and tension within the novel. Another main way James Watson builds up a lot of tension and fear within Talking In Whispers is by using chapter endings. What James Watson does is he leaves you at a pinnacle at the end of most chapters which makes the reader want to read on and see what will happen to Andres or Isa and or Don Chailey this is a very effective way to build up tension within a novel a works very well in this particular novel. A good example of chapter endings would be the end of chapter three. All youll be needing is a cool head, lots of luck and he leaned forwards with exaggerated secrecy. And a porters uniform  This creates tension because you want to know what will happen next, you want to know what the importance of the porters uniform is, and you want to know will Andres get caught. This makes you want to read on and it makes you think what will happen to Andres. This technique builds up fear and tension throughout the novel.  In Talking in Whispers Watson uses other common techniques of writing which all helps in building up fear and tension, he uses techniques such as similes, imagery and metaphors. His mind stayed where it was, unmolested, a little black box inside something nothing could get at. Resting like a mouse in hole.  The simile like a mouse in a hole portrays Andres mind when he was being tortured. They could hurt his body but they couldnt touch his mind it was resting like a mouse in a hole. The sentence resting like a mouse in hole also uses imagery as well as using a simile the simile creates the image of his mind being a mouse resting in hole unaware of what is happening to Andres body. In the torture scene on pages 105 106 Andres calls his torturers not by their names but by names that reflect their personality he calls his torturers snake and the hog the names are metaphors, which lets you know the personality of the characters. Snake for example is a cunning and devious animal and extremely deadly. This again is another type of imagery it lets you see pictures from words. This way of writing is very effective when it comes to creating fear and tension. Jordan Clement GCSE English Coursework 4/27/2007  Another way fear and tension is created in Talking in Whispers is by telling you what is happening in Chile at the time. This does not move the story any further forward with Andres it just tells you the evilness of the Junta. This technique is called  Inter-chapters and is very effective in causing the reader to perhaps fear the Junta.

Overview of Different Web Structures

Overview of Different Web Structures Dark Internet, Dark net (File Sharing), Turbo10, Meta-Search Engine Mansi Iyengar (SCU ID: W1170603) This project is targeted for the researchers to gain insight into the different web structures. The primary focus being deep net and dark net. It also throws light on file sharing in dark net along with meta search engines used by them. This report is based on dark net, metasearch engines and file sharing mechanism. It has been categorized in the form of chapters. Each chapter gives us the below information Chapter 1 tells us about the different structures in the web Chapter 2 provides an overview of dark net and TOR Chapter 3 describes the file sharing mechanism in dark net and commonly used approaches Chapter 4 focuses on operation of meta search engine Chapter 5 talks about Turbo10 search engine for deep net The linkage of each web page is referred by websites structure. Consider for a website having high number of web pages. In such scenario, crawlers should have the ease to find the subpages. Figure 1: Web structure [1] Figure 1 portrays entire web structure that comprises of: Surface web Deep web Dark web Surface web The traditional internet we use for everyday life is the world wide web. Represented by www. Deep web Deep web provides the hidden part of the internet. Search engine do not index these. Thus deep web stands apart from the traditional web. Some components of deep web include email, online banking, on demand videos Dark web Dark web is different from above traditional web types. Dark net stands for a network accessed via specific software or configuration using protocol that are not standardized. For everyday life, we use regular search engines such as google. The exists websites that cannot be looked up on google. For such websites need a particular application in order to access. Such websites are known as dark web. Dark net comprises of decentralized computers that collaborate in tandem to send information from origin to the target. Some of the popular dark net are Limewire, Gnucleus. Users are members that share information. Hosts are the computers that help share the information. Dark web is also known as dark net or dark internet. For ease of understanding we can consider software named as Tor. Tor provides the functionality wherein the user cannot be identified on traditional websites. TOR Tor also provides sites that have hidden services. Basically the hidden or anonymous feature is leveraged to masquerade where server is situated. Tor makes it almost impossible to trace the members accessing website. Tor is not fool proof and comprises of some flaws. These pertain to security configuration. This gap can be used by officials to determine the real server location. The popularity of TOR is extremely high and hence most commonly used. Hence the focus on this example. Features of dark net However, dark nets provide additional facilities different from above. These may include collaborative effort of handling non-licensed software and content Content found on dark net On two fronts dark net facilitates anonymity member visiting website and also for website itself. Governments too use dark net. For example, in order to gain data bypassing and censorship, Tor provides that option Dark net too can be used by politicians. This is serves as a platform to mediate and take decision. Secrets are revealed by whistle blowers on certain sites so that they can avoid being traced. Webpages such as Strongbox help serve such purpose. This leads to establishment of websites that traditionally are not used. They can be used for anti-social purpose. For example, stolen credit card information, illegal currency, drugs and weapons are found here. Gambling activities too are provided. Illegal drugs and goods, part of commercial dark market are made popular by silk road and diabolic market. These are attacked by legal teams. Alternate hacking services are sold. These are at group level or individualistic level. This has led to cyber-crimes and counter cyber investigation. Government has started looking into these using tools procured from Procedia Computer Science journal. Denial of service attacks too have been made through Dark Web. [4] File Sharing File sharing involves the method of dividing or enabling digital media access such as audio files, video files, programs or eBooks. There are multiple ways to attain file sharing. Generally used approaches of storage, transmission include web url hyperlinked docs., p2p networks and centralized servers. [3] Figure 2 file sharing The above figure shows us how figure shows how file sharing can be achieved between access controlled digital systems like private, public and invited. P2P file sharing process Computers or nodes are connected with each other as part of P2P network. The members have the ability to share or download information immediately via the web. Figure 3 Peer to Peer network Above figure shows peer to peer network. Based on the model of self-server and client model, P2P is set up in general. for example, when the member connects to the P2P client and after initiating file download, he gets connected with other members downloading the information. In other words, others peers serve as file server. The initial member also acts as file server when another peer starts to download the file. Eventually this leads to augmenting of download speed. Some commonly used torrents for P2P are bittorrent and ÃŽÂ ¼Torrent. Other popular P2P networks being BearShare and LimeWire. [2] OnionShare Consider App called OnionShare that is available for multiple Operating Systems. This is a P2P program. Entire information from TOR anonymity network is sent through this file sharing program. consider regular file sharing system needs faith. Law regulators can tap into these. Tor helps bypass third party, there is direct sharing of file from one person to another via anonymous network Figure 4 OnionShare The above figure describes OnionShare process. After Tor instance is running, OnionShare will run. The beginning part is by starting a local web server that is viewable as tor hidden service, generating web link that cannot be guessed out. This web link is used to download the file. The web link is then provided to the recipient person via secure method the webserver is cancelled The moment the receipt downloads the file, Now the file becomes inaccessible to anyone. These is scope to expand this further by having a continuous running server in order to share with multiple recipients [5] BitTorrent File Sharing Process Background BitTorrent file sharing protocol for dark net. BitTorrent is a peer-to-peer file sharing protocol and the most popular one according to a report  by (2008). In the same report one can read that BitTorrent takes  up a substantial amount of all the internet traffic in the world, between 27 and 55 percent depending on geographical location. This makes BitTorrent not only the most used protocol for file sharing, but of all application layer protocols. As per Schulse and Mochalski , Bit Torrent is popular file sharing protocol. This is also used by Darknet. BitTorrent breaks data into parallel smaller chunks instead of single chunk, enhancing reliability and reducing vulnerability Approaches for bit torrent file sharing Provided below are two approaches for bit torrent file sharing: Torrent file approach TFigure 5 Torrent file sharing approach A torrent file is setup that has tracker, file contents. This file is smaller than original file. Seed is the uploader and leech is the downloader. Above figure describes the torrent file sharing approach. User first downloads the torrent. From torrent the set of peers is found. From the network, file pieces are exchanged. Files are treated instead of atomic blocks but as smaller chunks. Advantage is that the bandwidth is spread among peer as against just the seeds. The tracker for a torrent provides peers a peer list. In this manner, bit torrent communication takes place, which is the same process involved for seeders and leaches DTH approach There is a second approach that bypasses the tracker. This provides greater anonymity. This approach is performed without generating torrent file. For this purpose, bit torrent protocol ends up implementing DHT i.e. distributed hash table. Figure 6 DTH file sharing approach The above figure describes DTH file sharing approach. DHT provides a set of key, value saved in it. The working is similar to how has table works. Nodes have ability to detect noes based on the key. There is unique identification for each node. For this the communication utilized is User Datagram Protocol (UDP). The benefit is that there no centralized trackers. However, the track list is provided by peers that send peer list. Traditional torrent file has web link to a tracker. This step is by passed in second approach, wherein DHT web link is used. DHT network is entered into by the peer using the URL. From the entry node, it can search across other networks for files and peer connection for file sharing. [6] The results of other databases are combined in meta search engine. It takes up the concatenation of various results from various search engines and links then to various resources. [1] Virtual databases are generated from the mirrors of the physical database results of other search engines. These virtual databases are generated from the meta search engines. The searches are concentrated over certain criteria. [2] Background Searching the web with multiple search engines was the issue tackled by researchers. One of the outputs was meta search engine. Search Savvy was the first engine discovered and used by Daniel Dreilinger from Colorado State University. This engine looks over the results from 20 different directories and search engines at once. Meta search engine crawler discovered by Eric Selberg at Washington University. It used its own search engine syntax and searched over 6 search engines. Dogpile formed at University of Pittsburgh and Pennsylvania State University measured ranking and overlap of various search engines. This proved to have one of the best results. [3] Advantages More information and search coverage can be achieved by using meta search engines. This helps the user to get faster and accurate results.   The query of the user results is generated in unique ways by using the indexes which are aggregated by search engines. The input effort for a meta search engine and normal search engine are the same but the results retrieved are more. They also reduce the effort of users to type on various search engines to find file and resources. Disadvantages Translation of the query format or understanding the query forms can be an issue in the meta search engine. All the results sets of a query are not given to a user as the links generated from a meta search engine are limited. The links generated are limited. Promoted websites are given higher priority over other websites. It is probable that the user will get multiple results from the search engine. It may not be stream lined. This is especially an issue due to more coverage over the queried topic. The users find it difficult to use meta search. They might not be able to get any precise information. Operation The above figure describes the meta search operation. The search engine receives a query from the user. The key parts are as below: Broker:   The query needs a pre-processing as each search engine has a specific format of the data being fed in. As they depend on different operators and they do not share the same syntax. The output is a series of ordered set documents. Rank: the documents are raked post identifying the result pages and also in the order of the most relevant links. [4] The input query is passed to the search engines database. It creates a virtual database. This helps to combine data from various sources. Duplicates can be generated as various search-engines have different methods of indexing the data. This output data is then processed by the meta-search engine. The revised list is produced for the user. They would respond in the following ways. 1)   Access to the meta-search engine reference is provided which also includes the private access to the database system The changes made on the database system would be captured. 2) In a non-cooperative way, the access to the interface may or may not be provided. 3) Meta search engine is denied access to the search engine. Architecture of ranking Above figure describes the architecture of the meta search engine. It consists of the users query being sent to the meta search engine. It contacts the other search engines its connected to. They process the results and generate resources. These results are then preprocessed and then given back to the meta search engine as a response. This collective response is given to the user. Fusion Fusion is a process for data filtering. It helps to build up efficient results. Collection Fusion Unrelated data is indexed via search engines it is dealt by the Collection Fusion process which is also a distributed retrieval process. Ranking on the data is based on how probable is the data to give the required information to the user. It picks up the best resources and ranks it. The resources which are selected are combined in a list and given to the user. Data Fusion Figure 9: Data Fusion Architecture Above figure give the architectural reference of the Data Fusion. L0: The user information which the sensors and the sources process is given to the fusion algorithm L1: The machine process of converting L0 output and it feeds it to the L1 process L2 L3: The human process of manually marking the retrieved data as relevant or not L4: Resource management layer adds to the sources and the L2/L3 layer providing th necessary feedback L6: The mission management helps to add context to the user query. This is added to the resource management layer L5: Once all the processing through the layers is complete the data is given back to the user. This is fusion mechanism which relies on the common data sets which are retrieved by search engines. The initial ranks are combined into a list. The analysis of the actual ranks of the documents retrieved is calculated. The links of the documents with the highest relevancy score is selected. ComboSum is one of the techniques used to normalize the scores. The scores produced are incomparable as different search engines run on different algorithms. Examples of Meta-Search Engines DeepPeep Figure 10 DeepPeep Snippet Above figure is a snippet for DeepPeet. Public web pages are indexes and expanded by search engine. It does so by search through various public databases. Traditional search engines cannot index by DeepPeep. It also looks to find urls into deep web. IncyWincy Figure 11 Incywincy snippet Above image is Incywincy snippet. It uses many search engines, combines and filters the results. It crawlers more than 200 million pages. It uses its unique algorithm for relevance tests. CompletePlanet Figure 12 Complete Planet Above figure is snippet of Complete Planet. It indexes and crawlers many search engines and special databases which are not public. It is one of the  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   main search engines of the deep web. Other Deep Web search engines include Intute, Infomine, Scirus, Turbo 10. The above figure is the Turbo 10 is a meta search engine snippet. It helps to engineer a universal reference for Deep Net. It refers to topic specific search engines. Google and Yahoo like crawler-based search engines do not use these files. Turbo 10 also lets you add more engines to the collection on which your search query is executed. [7] Pros The positive thing about turbo10 is that it has the ability to connect and maintain connection to online databases in bulk. This provides connecting to thousand engines in a fully automated capability which is scalable to further connect to another thousand. Turbo10 also finds content on deep net. Deep net encompasses multiple databases covering wide range of topics such as business, colleges, government teams. These are not accessible to traditional web engines and google. Traditional search engines are helpful for indexing static pages. Thus a rich experience is provided as we can tap into multiple databases across such a large range of domains, empowering the user. Turbo provides the option of having ten search engines to search from. Unlike other search engine like AskJeeves, that faces drawback of segregating information into different boxes, turbo streamlines the process by proving the result in weighted listing. This makes Turbo10 the ultimate search engine of search engine. Consider the fact that say four search engines are selected, turbo10 does the work of selecting additional six search engines as it deems as best fit. The result set would be based on either relevance or speed. The decision is independent of the search independent of search engine selected. The above reduction of search result occurs by usage of clusters in box on left-hand side. The benefit of having clusters a few time, desired result set is obtained quicker as against advanced searches or logical expression Turbo10 provides a new search paradigm. For a given page, there are ten result lists on a page. These have arrows. Thought this may also be unpopular, this generates hundred results for a given search. The average case being thirty to forty result set being provided as three or four pages are returned. . Google gives lots of options. Unlike Google, Turbo10 simply limits the search results and provides limited result set The main idea is that with Turbo 10, ability to choose search enigne is provided. Whereas say for a particular item through google, we need to keep searching and may find the same at pat a latter page say page forty How is the ability provided to select ten search engines? The task is completed via the web. A collection name is assigned to the ten search engines, mapped to your email. Capability Turbo10 has a vision to emerge as a leader for search engine Plan to use amazon based recommendation algorithms for personalized searching. This would include personalized profile search, providing bookmarking feature an ecosystem to be setup wherein the users profile would interact with other users. Additional browsing options would be generated for users. Revenue model would tap into sponsored web links. These would be flagged licensing of the product to corporates. Cons Tturbo10 faces the drawback of being highly cluttered. Google has lots of white spaces. The search results are not cramped up. Turbo10 is not visually appealing. It has purple colour screen that may not be appealing to all Many times the returned result set is cluttered. Sometimes the result set gets jumbled affecting result set. Additionally, there is no consideration for punctuation marks or logical expressions. Does not have ability to cache information. Due to high demand and expectation, knocked offline. Intense competition with google. The project is based on dark net ecosystem comprising of file sharing mechanisms and meta search engine. Dark net has continuously using evolving technology such as TOR, OnionShare. These help enable provide benefits of being anonymous protecting their identity. Similarly, the website to gets to preserve their anonymity. Dark net serves as a platform of communication to mediate, take decision and share information. These are used by different agencies including government and non-traditional activities such as whistleblowing. Products that are not listed in traditional websites too are available on such platforms. File Sharing approaches save bandwidth by helping sharing information efficiently. Easier to back up information. Fault tolerance is enhanced through decentralized approach part of peer to peer networking. Comparatively there is ease of maintenance over traditional files sharing system. Meta search engines help to get streamlined results from various search engines which helps to improve relevancy of searches. The benefits of dark net also include cross border payments, ensure complete privacy of sender and receiver. There is application in cryptocurrency, digital trading, eliminating middlemen. Set up of hassle free payments independent of weekend or holidays. Benefit of decentralization is control over your content that you want to share. Other advantages include establish net neutrality which means that internet can be used for all and not monopolized. Hence there is a large scope for expansion in dark net space and technology is playing a pivotal role in enhancing its adoption. [1] https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/internet-deep-web-dark-net-firas-saras [2] https://sysinfotools.com/blog/peer-to-peer-file-sharing/ [3] http://www.spiroprojects.com/blog/cat-view-more.php?blogname=What-is-file-sharing-system?id=262 [4] https://www.howtogeek.com/275875/what-is-the-dark-web/ [5] https://darkwebnews.com/anonymity/some-ways-to-share-files-anonymously/ [6] Johan Andersson Gabriel Ledung, Darknet file sharing application of a private peer-to-peer distributed file system concept [7] http://techdiction.blogspot.com/2007/01/turbo-10-search-deep-net.html URL  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   Uniform Resource Locator TORThe Onion Router UDPUser Datagram ProtocolDTHdistributed hash table WWWWorldwide web